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Characteristics of Life and Unifying Themes in Life Science By: Gina Mae L.  Hermo

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Even though an amazing variety of living things exist on Earth, they are all alike in several ways .

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Organisms can either be made up of only one cell (unicellular) or made up of many cells (multicellular ) The sum of all chemical processes that maintain the living state of an organism is called metabolism. All organisms use energy to grow and all organisms transport this energy from one place to another within cells using special energy-carrying molecules called ATP.

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The  information that determines what an individual organism will be like is written in a code dictated by the sequence of the DNA molecule. Each set of instruction within the DNA is called a gene.

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The transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring is called heredity.

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Life Science is unified by certain themes. These six general themes are levels of organization, the flow of energy, evolution, interacting systems, structure and function, ecology and science and society . All living things maintain stable internal conditions. While the environment often varies a lot, organisms act to keep their interior conditions relatively constant in a process called homeostasis. The human body maintain an internal temperature of  37°C  ( 98.5°F ), however hot or cold the weather may be.

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Heredity Reproduction Reproduction involves the transfer of genetic information from parents to offspring .

Asexual Reproduction - produces offspring that are genetically identical to a single parent .

Sexual  Reproduction - involves two parents contributing genetic information to produce a unique offspring.

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The Characteristics common to all living things that are considered in the study of life are cellular organization, metabolism, homeostasis, reproduction and heredity.

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Metabolism Homeostasis Cellular  Organization Amoeba, a unicellular  organism Ducklings, multicellular  organisms All cells have the same basic structure: a membrane that encloses the cell and controls materials that move in and out; an internal fluid known as the cytoplasm where the organelles are suspended; and nucleus that contains the hereditary genes called DNA.

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In  study of life, there is an array of biological characteristics or properties and certain theme about how the living world works that are discussed. These properties are shared by all living things passed down over billions of years from the first organisms to have evolved on Earth.

Characteristics of Life and Unifying Themes in Life Science By: Gina Mae L. Hermo

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