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Chapter 1   Introduction to                           Computers

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Explain the importance of computer literacy

Explain why a computer is a powerful tool

Differentiate among the various categories of software

Discuss the uses of the Internet and the World Wide Web

Describe the categories of computers and their uses

Identify the various types of computer users

Understand how a user can be a Web publisher

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If you are computer literate, you have knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses

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An electronic machine, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory accepts data manipulates the data according to specified rules produces results stores the results for future use

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Data Collection of raw unprocessed facts, figures, and symbols

Information Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful

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Someone that communicates with a computer Someone who uses the information it generates

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Software The series of instructions that tells the hardware how to perform tasks

Hardware The electric, electronic,  and mechanical equipment that makes up a computer

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Input Any data or instructions you enter into a computer

Output Data that has been processed into information

Storage Area in a computer that can hold data and information for future use

Communication The capability of communicating with other computers

What is the information  processing  cycle?

Process Manipulate the input (data) to produce output  (information)

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What are common computer hardware components?

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Any hardware component that allows a user to enter data and instructions into a computer

C:\WINDOWS\Application Data\Microsoft\Media Catalog\Downloaded Clips\cl4f\j0199813.wmf

Click to view  Web Link then click Input Devices

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Any hardware component that can convey information to a user

Click to view Web Link then click Output Devices

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Sometimes called a chassis A   box-like case made from metal or plastic that protects the internal electronic components of the computer from damage Circuitry in the system unit usually is part of or is connected to a circuit board called the motherboard

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Memory Temporary holding place for data and instructions

What are two main components on the motherboard?

Central Processing Unit (CPU) Also called a processor Electronic device that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer

Click to view Web Link then click Processors

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An electronic device that contains many microscopic pathways that carry electrical currents

Usually no bigger than one-half inch square Packaged so it can be attached to a motherboard

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External Device Also called a peripheral Attaches to the system unit

Internal Component Resides inside the system unit

What are internal components and external devices?

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Holds data, instructions, and information for future use

Storage Device Records and retrieves items to and from a storage medium Devices often function as source of input because they transfer items from storage into memory

Storage Medium Physical material on which a computer keeps the data, instructions and information

Click to view  Web Link then click  Storage Devices

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What are common storage devices or drives?

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A thin, circular, flexible disk enclosed in a plastic shell Insert and remove a floppy disk into and from a floppy disk drive A Zip ®  disk is a higher capacity disk

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Consists  of several circular platters that store items electronically Disks are enclosed  in an airtight, sealed case, which often is housed inside the system unit Provides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk Some hard disks are removable

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A   flat, round portable medium that stores data using microscopic pits, which are created by a laser light  CD-ROM CD-RW  rewriteable CD DVD-ROM   tremendous storage capacities

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Used in devices such as digital cameras One popular type is called a card

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Enables computer users to communicate and to exchange items such as data, instructions, and information with another computer  Allows you to establish a connection between two computers and transmit items over transmission media, such as cables,  telephone lines,  or satellites

Click to view Web Link then click Communications Devices

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Speed Billions of operations can be carried out in a single second

What characteristics make a computer powerful?

Storage Enormous amounts of data can be stored and made available for processing anytime it is needed

Reliability Dependable because components have a low failure rate so they produce consistent results

Accuracy If data is entered correctly and program works properly, the results are error-free —  garbage in, garbage out (GIGO)  accuracy of output depends on accuracy of input

Communications Two connected computers can share stored data, instructions, and information

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Two or more computers connected together via communications media and devices The most widely known network is the Internet

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Microsoft’s chairman and chief software architect Co-founded Microsoft in 1975 Regarded as the most powerful person in the computer industry Consistently anticipates technological developments and customer needs

Click to view  Web Link then click  Bill Gates

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Click to view Web Link then click Computer Programs

Directs computer to perform alternative operations

A series of instructions that tells the hardware of a computer what  to do

Allows you to input data and stores it in memory

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Some programs can be loaded directly from purchased media, others must be installed Install means part or all of the instructions are copied from the purchased media onto the computer's hard disk before the program can be used

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What happens when you run a program from a CD-ROM?

Step 1: Insert the CD-ROM that contains the program into the CD-ROM drive.

Step 2: If necessary, install the program on the hard disk. Then instruct the computer to run the program. Instructions transfer from the CD-ROM or hard disk to memory.

Step 3: The program executes and the screen displays graphics that allow you to create a greeting card.

Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers

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