part 2

TAIMOOR UMAR GONDAL taimoorgondal@gmail.com Page 28 www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations) ➢ Formed 8th August 1967 ➢ Headquarters Jakarta (Indonesia) ➢ Members 10 ➢ Observers 2 IMF ➢ Formed 27th December 1945 ➢ Headquarters Washington D.C. ➢ Members 190 ➢ Pakistan joined 11th July 1950 World Bank ➢ Created July 1944 (Bretton Woods Conference) ➢ Formed July 1945 ➢ Headquarters Washington D.C. ➢ Members 189 ➢ Pakistan Joined 11th July 1950 ADB (Asian Development Bank) ➢ Established 19th December 1966 ➢ Headquarters Manila (Philippines) ➢ Members 68 European Union (EU) ➢ Established 1st November 1993 (Maastricht Netherlands) ➢ Headquarters Brussels (Belgium) ➢ Members 27 ➢ Newest Member Croatia (July 2013) ➢ Euro zone Established 1st January 1999 ➢ Members of Euro zone 19 ➢ UK left EU on 31st January 2020.

TAIMOOR UMAR GONDAL taimoorgondal@gmail.com Page 29 www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide Arab League ➢ Formed 22nd March 1945 ➢ Headquarters Cairo (Egypt) ➢ Members 22 World Trade Organization (WTO) ➢ Formed 1st January 1995 ➢ Headquarters Geneva (Switzerland) ➢ Members 164 ➢ Pakistan joined Founding Members International Labour Organization (ILO) ➢ Formed 29th October 1919 ➢ Headquarters Geneva (Switzerland) ➢ Members 187 ➢ Pakistan joined 31st October 1947 African Union ➢ Formed 9th July 2002 ➢ Headquarters Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) ➢ Members 55 World Economic Forum ➢ Founded January 1971 ➢ Founder Schwab Klaus (German) ➢ Headquarters Cologny (Switzerland) International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) ➢ Formed 29th July 1957 ➢ Headquarters Vienna (Austria) ➢ Members 171.

TAIMOOR UMAR GONDAL taimoorgondal@gmail.com Page 30 www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide Common Wealth of Nations ➢ Established 11th December 1931 (British Common Wealth of Nations) ➢ Formally constituted 28th April 1949 (Common Wealth of Nations) ➢ Headquarters London (UK) ➢ Members 54 ➢ Maldives rejoined on 1st February 2020 Pakistan Joined ➢ FAO 7th September 1947 ➢ UNO 30th September 1947 (56th Member) ➢ ILO 31st October 1947 ➢ Universal Postal Union 10th November 1947 ➢ World Bank and IMF 11th July 1950 ➢ SCO 9th June 2017 (Astana).

TAIMOOR UMAR GONDAL taimoorgondal@gmail.com Page 31 www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide Headquarters ➢ ILO Geneva (Switzerland) ➢ Red Cross Geneva (Switzerland) ➢ WHO Geneva (Switzerland) ➢ WTO Geneva (Switzerland) ➢ ICJ Hague (Netherlands) 15 Judges (9 years term) ➢ Interpol Lyon (France) ➢ Common Wealth London (UK) ➢ Amnesty International London (UK) ➢ Transparency International Berlin (Germany) ➢ UNICEF New York City (USA) ➢ Islamic Development Bank (IDB) Jeddah (Saudi Arabia) ➢ OPEC Vienna (Austria) ➢ UNESCO Paris (France) ➢ Green Peace Amsterdam (Netherlands) ➢ Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Riyadh (Saudi Arabia) ➢ Human Rights Watch New York (USA) ➢ Freedom House Washington (USA) ➢ WWF Gland,Vaud (Switzerland) ➢ UNIDO Vienna (Austria) ➢ CERN Geneva (Switzerland) ➢ FAO Rome (Italy) ➢ OECD Paris (France) ➢ FATF Paris (France) ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢.

TAIMOOR UMAR GONDAL taimoorgondal@gmail.com Page 32 www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide Official Residences ➢ Buckingham Palace (London) British Monarch (Named after Duke of Buckingham) ➢ Ten Downing Street (London) P.M. of U.K. ➢ White House (Washington) President of USA ➢ Rashtrapati Bhawan (New Delhi) Indian President ➢ Temple Trees (Colombo) P.M. of Sri Lanka ➢ Queen’s House (Colombo) President of Sri Lanka ➢ Cankaya Mansion Vice President of Turkey ➢ Apostolic Palace (Papal Palace) Pope (Vatican City) ➢ Blue House President of South Korea ➢ Seraglio (Istanbul) Ancient Residence of the Sultan of Turkey ➢ Presidential Complex (Cumhurbaskanligi Kuliyesi) President of Turkey ➢ Lok Kalyan Marg (Panchavati) Indian Prime Minister ➢ Istana Nurul Iman (Bandar Seri Begawan) Sultan of Brunei ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ Battles and Wars ➢ 100 Years War 1337-1453 ➢ 30 years War 1618-1648 ➢ Battle of Waterloo 1815 (Belgium) Napoleon died in 1821 (St. Halena) ➢ Battle of Waterloo was fought between Napoleon and Duke of Wellington ➢ Opium War 1839-42 (Britain-China) Trade War ➢ 2nd Opium War 1856-60 (China vs Britain, French, USA) ➢ Crimean War 1854-56 (Russia-Turkey, France, UK) Nursing Landmark) ➢ War of Roses Civil War in UK (1455-1485) ➢ Anglo-Mysore Wars 1767-69, 1780-84, 1790-92, 1799 ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢.

TAIMOOR UMAR GONDAL taimoorgondal@gmail.com Page 33 www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide Revolutions ➢ American 4 July 1776 (Philadelphia) ➢ America Granted Independence 1783 ➢ French 14 July 1789 (Fall of Bastille Fort) ➢ France became Republic on 22 September 1792 ➢ Bolshevik Revolution first stage February 1917 (Russia) ➢ Bolshevik Revolution 2nd Stage October 1917 (Russia) ➢ Red Revolution (China) 1949 ➢ Revolution in Iran (1979 Revolution) 7th January 1978 to 11th February 1979 Famous Treaties, Pacts, Accords etc ➢ Treaty of Westphalia 24th October 1648 ➢ Balfour Declaration 2nd November 1917 ➢ Treaty of Versailles 28th June 1919 (France) ➢ Treaty of Sevres 10th August 1920 (France) ➢ Universal Declaration of Human Rights 10th December 1948 (Paris) ➢ North Atlantic Treaty 4th April 1949 (Washington) ➢ SEATO 1954 ➢ CENTO 1955 ➢ Warsaw Pact 14th May 1955 (Poland) ➢ Tashkent Declaration (Indo-Pak) 10th January 1966 (Uzbekistan) ➢ Simla Agreement (Indo-Pak) 2nd July 1972 (India) ➢ Kyoto Protocol 11th December 1997 (Japan) ➢ ➢ ➢ For more details visit www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide.

TAIMOOR UMAR GONDAL taimoorgondal@gmail.com Page 34 www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide Important and Famous Places ➢ Golden Temple Amritsar (Founded by Hazrat Mian Mir) Most Sacred Place of Sikh Religion ➢ Somnat Temple Gujrat (India) ➢ Sri Dalada Maligawa Buddhist Temple (Kandy Sri Lanka) ➢ Sri Dalada Maligawa also called Temple of the Tooth ➢ The Vatican Seat of Papacy (Catholicism) ➢ The Sulemaniyah Mosque Istanbul (Turkey) ➢ The Blue Mosque (Only mosque with 6 minarets) Istanbul (Turkey) ➢ Blue Mosque is also known as Sultan Ahmed Mosque ➢ Hagia Sophia Istanbul (Turkey) ➢ Sixty Dome Mosque Begerhat (Bangladesh) ➢ The Great Mosque Beirut (Lebanon) ➢ Eiffel Tower Paris (France) ➢ Qutub Minar New Delhi (India) ➢ Leaning Tower of Pisa Italy ➢ PETRONAS Towers (Twin Towers) Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) ➢ Islamic Summit Tower Lahore (Islamic Summit, 1974) ➢ Brad laugh Hall Lahore (Pakistan ➢ Taqsim Square Istanbul (Turkey) ➢ Tehrir Square Cairo (Egypt) ➢ Red Square Moscow (Russia) ➢ Tinanmen Square Beijing (China) ➢ Hyde Park London (UK) ➢ Fleet Street London (UK) ➢ Downing Street London (UK) ➢ Wall Street New York (USA) ➢ Broadway Street New York (USA) ➢ Yellow Stone National Park USA ➢ Dalal Street Mumbai (India) ➢ Democracy Wall Beijing (China) ➢ Porcelain Tower of Nanjing China.

TAIMOOR UMAR GONDAL taimoorgondal@gmail.com Page 35 www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide Places Famous For ➢ Fleet Street Newspapers and Press Offices ➢ Broadway Street Cinema Halls ➢ Hyde Park Public Meetings and Assemblage ➢ Red Square Venue of Annual Ceremonial Parades ➢ Dalal Street Mumbai Stock Exchange ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ First Person in the World ➢ Landed on the Moon Neil Armstrong and Edwin E. Aldrin Jr. (USA) July 21, 1969 ➢ First man in Space Major Yurigagrin (Russian) 1961 ➢ First Woman in Space Valentina Treshkova (Russian) ➢ First Tourist in Space Dennis Tito ➢ First Person to Reach the North Pole Robert Edwin Peary (Overland Journey) ➢ First Person to reach the South Pole Amundsen ➢ 1st Persons to Climb Mount Everest Edmund Hillary (Newzealand), Tenzing Norgay (Nepal) (29th May 1953) ➢ First Woman to Climb Mount Everest Junko Tabei (Japan) ➢ First person to fly across English Channel Louis Bleriot ➢ ➢ Painters ➢ Michel Angelo March 6, 1475 (Italy)—February 18, 1564 (Italy) ➢ Leonardo Da Vinci April 15, 1452 (Italy)—May 2, 1519 (France) ➢ Pablo Picasso October 25, 1881 (Spain)—April 8, 1973 (France) ➢ Vincent Van Gogh March 30, 1853, (Netherlands)—July 29, 1890 (France).

TAIMOOR UMAR GONDAL taimoorgondal@gmail.com Page 36 www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide Famous Paintings ➢ Night Watch Rembrandt Van Riin ➢ The Last Supper Leonardo Da Vinci ➢ Mona Lisa Leonardo Da Vinci ➢ View of Tinherier Winston Churchill ➢ The Last Judgment Michel Angelo ➢ Cornfield and Cypress Trees Vincent Van Gogh ➢ The Potato Eaters Vincent Van Gogh ➢ Self Portrait Vincent Van Gogh ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ Explorers ➢ Morco Polo Venetian (Venice-Italy) ➢ Christopher Columbus Italian ➢ Vas Code Gama Portuguese ➢ Capt. James Cook English ➢ Ibn-e-Batuta Morocco ➢ Abel Janszoon Tasman Dutch ➢ ➢ Explorations and Discoveries ➢ New Zealand Abel Tasman ➢ Island of Jamaica Christopher Columbus ➢ America Christopher Columbus (1492) ➢ Australia Captain James Cook (1770) ➢ Route to India Vasco de Gama (1498) ➢ ➢.

TAIMOOR UMAR GONDAL taimoorgondal@gmail.com Page 37 www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide Highest Military Awards ➢ China Order of Cloud and Banner (also called Order of the Resplendent Banner) ➢ USA Medal of Honor ➢ Britain Victoria Cross ➢ France The Legion of Honour ➢ South Africa Nkwe ya Gauta-Golden Leopard ➢ Italy Gold Medal of Military Valour ➢ India Param Vir Chakra ➢ Pakistan Nishan-e-Haider ➢ Bangladesh Bir Sreshto ➢ Spain Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand ➢ Canada The Victoria Cross of Canada ➢ Israel Medal of Valour ➢ Poland Order of Virtuti Military EDS Abbreviations ➢ LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas ➢ CNG Compressed Natural Gas ➢ RNA Ribonucleic Acid ➢ DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid ➢ RBC Red Blood Cells/Corpuscles ➢ ATP Adenosine Tri Phosphate ➢ ECG Electro Cardio Gram ➢ CFC Chloro Fluoro Carbon ➢ AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ➢ PVC Poly Vinyl Chloride ➢ LASER Light Amplification by Stimulated emission of Radiation ➢ STP Standard Temperature and Pressure ➢ BTU British Thermal Unit.

TAIMOOR UMAR GONDAL taimoorgondal@gmail.com Page 38 www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide ➢ LED Light Emitting Diode ➢ LCD Liquid Crystal Display ➢ AMU Atomic Mass Unit ➢ EMF Electro Motive Force ➢ CRT Cathode Ray Tube ➢ AWACS Airborne Warning and Control System ➢ CCTV Closed - Circuit Television ➢ ABM Anti – Ballistic Missile ➢ ATM Automated Teller Machine ➢ CD Compact Disc ➢ DVD Dynamic Versatile Disc ➢ FM Frequency Modulation ➢ GMT Greenwich Mean Time ➢ HIV Human Immuno Deficiency Virus ➢ ICU Intensive Care Unit ➢ RADAR Radio Detection and Ranging ➢ SMS Short Message Service ➢ RAM Random Access Memory ➢ ROM Read Only Memory ➢ LAN Local Area Network ➢ WAN Wide Area Network ➢ CPU Central Processing Unit ➢ WWW World Wide Web ➢ BIOS Basic Input Output System ➢ HTML Hypertext Mark-up Language ➢ HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol ➢ IBM International Business Machine ➢ BASIC Beginner’s All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code.

TAIMOOR UMAR GONDAL taimoorgondal@gmail.com Page 39 www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide Discoveries and Inventions ➢ Alpha Rays Rutherford ➢ Beta Rays Rutherford ➢ Gamma Rays Paul Villard (French) ➢ Electron J.J. Thomson ➢ Proton Goldstein ➢ Neutron James Chadwick ➢ Oxygen J. Priestley ➢ Penicillin Alexander Fleming ➢ Radioactivity Henry Becquerel ➢ Insulin Dr. F.G. Banting ➢ Structure of DNA Watson and Crick ➢ Genetic Laws of Heredity Mendal ➢ Solar System Copernicus ➢ Chromosome Waldeyer ➢ X. Rays Roentgen (German) 1895 ➢ Dynamite Alfred Nobel ➢ Periodic Table Dimitri Mendeleev ➢ Energy Quanta Max Planck ➢ Type Writer Christopher Latham Sholes ➢ Richter Scale Charles Francis Richter ➢ Polio Vaccine Johnas Salk ➢ Seismograph Robert Mallet ➢ Laughing Gas J. Priestly ➢ Ball Point Laszlo Biro (1938) ➢ Chronometer John Harrison (1730) ➢ Atom Bomb Robert Oppenheimer ➢ Digital Computer John Vincent Atanasoff ➢ Mobile Phone Martin Cooper (1973) USA ➢ Mouse Douglas Engelbart ➢ Vaccine Edward Jenner (1796) ➢ Penicillin Alexander Fleming ➢ TV John Logie Baird.

TAIMOOR UMAR GONDAL taimoorgondal@gmail.com Page 40 www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide ➢ Telephone Graham Bell ➢ Radio Marconi ➢ AK-47 Mikhail Klashnikov ➢ Thermometer Sir Thomas Allbut (1867) ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ Measurement Instruments ➢ Sphygmomanoometer Blood Pressure ➢ Anemometer Velocity of Wind ➢ Ammeter Electric Current ➢ Pyrometer High Temperature ➢ Manometer Pressure ➢ Barometer Atmospheric Pressure ➢ Hygrometer Humidity ➢ Chronometer Time ➢ Lactometer Purity of Milk ➢ Richter Scale Earthquake ➢ Galvanometer Electricity ➢ Glucometer Blood Glucose ➢ Rain Guage Rain ➢ Audiometer Intensity of Sound ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢.

TAIMOOR UMAR GONDAL taimoorgondal@gmail.com Page 41 www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide Units of Measurement ➢ Newton Force ➢ Dyne Force ➢ Kelvin Temperature ➢ Celsius Temperature ➢ Fahrenheit Temperature ➢ Ampere Current ➢ Coulomb Electric Charge ➢ Ohm Resistance ➢ Joule Heat / Energy ➢ BTU Energy ➢ Pascal Pressure ➢ Watt Power ➢ Light Year Distance ➢ Liter Volume ➢ Decibel Sound National Emblems ➢ Spain Eagle ➢ France Lily ➢ Italy White Lily ➢ Australia Kangaroo ➢ USA Golden Rod ➢ England Rose ➢ Pakistan Crescent ➢ India Lioned Capital ➢ Sri Lanka Sword and Lion ➢ Turkey Crescent and Star ➢ Iran Rose ➢ Canada White Lily ➢ Germany Corn Flower ➢ New Zealand Kiwi, Southern Cross ➢ Russia Sickle & Hammer.

TAIMOOR UMAR GONDAL taimoorgondal@gmail.com Page 42 www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide International Symbols ➢ Wheel Progress ➢ Black Flag Protest ➢ White Flag Truce ➢ Red Flag Revolution/Danger ➢ Lotus Culture and Civilization ➢ Dove Peace ➢ Olive Branch Peace ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ National Birds ➢ France Gallic Rooster ➢ China Red-Crowned Crane ➢ Finland Whooper Swan ➢ USA Bald Eagle ➢ Australia Emu ➢ England European Robin ➢ Italy Italian Sparrow ➢ Pakistan Chukar Patridge ➢ India Indian Peacock ➢ Bangladesh Magpie Robin ➢ Sri Lanka Sri Lankan Jungle Fowl ➢ Iran Common Nightingale ➢ South Africa Blue Crane ➢ Greece Little Owl ➢ Japan Green Pheasant ➢ ➢ ➢.

TAIMOOR UMAR GONDAL taimoorgondal@gmail.com Page 43 www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide National Animals ➢ China Giant Panda , Chinese Dragon (Mythical) ➢ Finland Brown Bear ➢ Australia Kangaroo ➢ England Lion ➢ Pakistan Markhor ➢ Bangladesh Royal Bengal Tiger ➢ South Africa Springbok ➢ Greece Dolphin ➢ ➢ ➢ National Flowers ➢ England Tudor Rose ➢ USA Rose ➢ France Iris ➢ Italy Stylized Lily ➢ Germany Knapweed ➢ Spain Red Carnation ➢ Canada Maple Leaf ➢ China Plum Blossom ➢ Russia Chamomile ➢ Pakistan Jasmin ➢ India Lotus ➢ Bangladesh Water Lily (Shapla) ➢ Sri Lanka Water Lily ➢ Japan Cherry Blossom Sukura ➢ Iran Red Rose ➢ South Africa Protea ➢ Netherlands Tulip ➢ Turkey Tulip.

TAIMOOR UMAR GONDAL taimoorgondal@gmail.com Page 44 www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide National Games ➢ USA Baseball ➢ England Cricket ➢ France Football ➢ Italy Football ➢ Spain Bull Fighting ➢ Canada Lacrosse (Summer), Ice Hockey (Winter) ➢ Japan Sumo Wrestling ➢ Russia Bandy ➢ Pakistan Field Hockey ➢ India Field Hockey ➢ Bangladesh Kabaddi ➢ Sri Lanka Volley Ball ➢ Iran Wrestling ➢ Australia Cricket ➢ New Zealand Rugby Union ➢ Scotland Golf Secret Agencies ➢ SUPO Finland ➢ Gestapo Secret Police of Germany ➢ MAD Germany ➢ DST Morocco ➢ SAVAK Secret Police of Pahlavi Dynasty (Iran) 1957-79 ➢ MOSAD Israel ➢ MI-6 UK ➢ FBI USA ➢ CIA USA ➢ ISI Pakistan ➢ RAW (Research and Analysis Wing) India ➢ SSS Iraq ➢ BND Germany ➢ BIN Indonesia.

TAIMOOR UMAR GONDAL taimoorgondal@gmail.com Page 45 www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide ➢ KGB Russia ➢ Khad Afghanistan AIRLINES ➢ Aeroflot Russia ➢ Air France France ➢ Alitalia Italy ➢ Asiana South Korea ➢ Bheman Bangladesh ➢ Bismillah Bangladesh ➢ Dragon Hong Kong ➢ Cathy Pacific Hong Kong ➢ Freedom Air New Zealand ➢ JAL Japan ➢ K.L.M. Netherlands ➢ Lufthansa Germany ➢ Middle East Air Line (MEAL) Lebanon ➢ Olympic Airways Greece ➢ United Airline USA ➢ Sabeena Belgium ➢ QANTAS Australia ➢ Maley Hungary ➢ Aer Lignus Ireland ➢ Silk Air Singapore ➢ LOT Poland ➢ Ural Russia ➢ Emirates UAE ➢ Trans World Airways USA (1924- 2001) ➢ Delta USA ➢ Easy Jet UK ➢ Ariana Afghanistan ➢ ➢.

TAIMOOR UMAR GONDAL taimoorgondal@gmail.com Page 46 www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide Airports ➢ Kai Tak Hong Kong ➢ Bandaranaike (Katunayake) Colombo (Sri Lanka) ➢ Dum Dum Calcutta ➢ Gatwick International Airport UK ➢ Heathrow London ➢ Congonhas Brazil ➢ Narita Airport Japan ➢ Charles de Gaulle Airport Paris ➢ ➢ Seaports ➢ Cardiff UK ➢ Seattle USA ➢ Manchester UK ➢ Alexandria Egypt ➢ Tartus Syria ➢ Genoa Italy ➢ Haifa Israel ➢ Latakia Syria ➢ Dammam Saudi Arabia ➢ Rotterdam Netherlands ➢ Chittagong Bangladesh ➢ Dickson Malaysia ➢ Penang Malaysia ➢ Honolulu USA ➢ Hochi Minh Vietnam ➢ Montreal Canada ➢ Darwin Australia ➢ Abaden Iran ➢ Bandar Bushehr Iran ➢ Aden Yemen.

TAIMOOR UMAR GONDAL taimoorgondal@gmail.com Page 47 www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide ➢ Gothenburg Sweden ➢ Hammerfest Norway ➢ Lisbon Portugal ➢ Hamburg Germany ➢ Casablanca Malaysia ➢ Bander Seri Begawan Brunei Darussalam (Brunei Bay) Parliaments ➢ Afghanistan Loya Jirga ➢ Argentina Congress ➢ Bangladesh Jatiya Sangsad ➢ China National People’s Congress ➢ Denmark Folketing ➢ Egypt Majlis ➢ Turkey Grand National Assembly ➢ Israel Knesset ➢ Australia Federal Parliament ➢ Japan Diet ➢ Norway Storting ➢ Sweden Riksdag ➢ Ethiopia Shergo ➢ Russia Federal Assembley ➢ Spain Cortes ➢ Kazakhstan Kengess ➢ Syria National People’s Assembley (People’s Council) ➢ Nepal National Panchayat ➢ Finland Eduskusta ➢ Indonesia People’s Consultative Assembley ➢ Bhutan Tsongdu ➢ Myanmar Pyithu Hluttaw ➢ Iran Majlis ➢ Qatar Advisory Council ➢ Mother of Parliaments British Parliament.

TAIMOOR UMAR GONDAL taimoorgondal@gmail.com Page 48 www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide ➢ Malaysia Dewan Rakyat ➢ Germany Bundesrat ➢ Oldest Parliament Althing of Iceland (Founded 930 A.D.) ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ News Agencies ➢ AFP France (Agence France Presse) ➢ Agerpres Romania ➢ AIP Afghanistan ➢ Bakhtar Afghanistan ➢ Anatolia Turkey ➢ ANSA Italy ➢ AGI Italy ➢ Star Italy ➢ API India ➢ APP Pakistan ➢ Bernama Malaysia ➢ Interfax Russia ➢ Itar-tass Russia ➢ IRNA Iran ➢ JIJI Japan ➢ NCNA China ➢ Xinhua China ➢ Petra Jordan ➢ Reuters Britain ➢ Ritzua Denmark ➢ SANA Syria ➢ SABA Yemen ➢ MENA Egypt ➢ SPA Saudi Arabia.

TAIMOOR UMAR GONDAL taimoorgondal@gmail.com Page 49 www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide ➢ JANA Libya ➢ Montasame Mongolia ➢ UPI + AP USA ➢ WAFA Palestine ➢ JTA Israel ➢ Kyodo Japan ➢ WAM UAE ➢ Antara Indonesia ➢ DPA Germany ➢ CUP Canada (Canadian University Press) CAPITALS ➢ Egypt Cairo ➢ Mauritius Port Louis ➢ Nigeria Abuja ➢ Senegal Dakar ➢ Somalia Mogadishu ➢ Sudan Khartoum ➢ South Sudan Juba ➢ Cuba Havana ➢ Bahrain Manama ➢ Colombia Bogota ➢ Eritrea Asmara ➢ Kazakhstan Nur Sultan ➢ Name of ‘Astana’ changed to ‘Nur Sultan’ on 20th March 2019 ➢ North Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea) Pyongyong ➢ South Korea (Republic of Korea) Seoul ➢ Philippines Manila ➢ Uzbekistan Tashkant ➢ Belgium Brussels ➢ Croatia Zagreb ➢ Denmark Copenhagen ➢ Norway Oslo.

TAIMOOR UMAR GONDAL taimoorgondal@gmail.com Page 50 www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide ➢ Sweden Stockholm ➢ Poland Warsaw ➢ Venezuela Caracas ➢ Kyrgyzstan Bishkek ➢ Azerbaijan Baku ➢ Tajikistan Dushanbe ➢ Turkmenistan Ashgabat ➢ Argentina Buenos Aires ➢ Ghana Accra ➢ Morocco Rabat ➢ Tanzania Dodoma ➢ Myanmar Naypyidaw (Officially spelt as Nay Pyi Taw) ➢ Taiwan Tai Pai ➢ Syria Damascus ➢ Hungary Budapest ➢ Portugal Lisbon ➢ Switzerland Berne ➢ Bermuda Hamilton ➢ Ukraine Kiev ➢ Chile Santiago ➢ Rwanda Kigali ➢ Brazil Brasilia ➢ Australia Canberra ➢ Turkey Ankara ➢ New Zealand Wellington ➢ Bolivia La Paz (Highest Capital) ➢ Bosnia Sarajevo ➢ Kosovo Pristina ➢ Montenegro Podgorica ➢ Serbia Belgrade ➢ Sierra Leone Free Town ➢ Cambodia Phnom Penh ➢ Yemen Sana’a ➢ Jordan Amman.

TAIMOOR UMAR GONDAL taimoorgondal@gmail.com Page 51 www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide ➢ Oman Muscat ➢ Netherlands Amsterdam ➢ Canada Ottawa ➢ Poland Warsaw ➢ Russia Moscow ➢ Serbia Belgrade ➢ Ireland Dublin ➢ Uganda Kampala ➢ Georgia Tbilisi ➢ Mauritania Nouakchott ➢ Qatar Doha ➢ Iran Tehran ➢ Maldives Male ➢ Bhutan Thimphu ➢ Nepal Kathmandu ➢ Afghanistan Kabul ➢ China Beijing ➢ Japan Tokyo ➢ Malaysia Kuala Lumpur ➢ Thailand Bangkok ➢ Algeria Algiers ➢ Djibouti Djibouti ➢ Spain Madrid ➢ Italy Rome ➢ Germany Berlin ➢ France Paris ➢ Greece Athens ➢ Saudi Arabia Riyadh ➢ Singapore Singapore City ➢ Bangladesh Dhaka ➢ India New Delhi ➢ Mali Bamako ➢ Republic of Congo Brazzaville ➢ Vietnam Hanoi.

TAIMOOR UMAR GONDAL taimoorgondal@gmail.com Page 52 www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide ➢ Zambia Lusaka ➢ Zimbabwe Harare ➢ Libya Tripoli ➢ Panama Panama City ➢ Brunei Bander Seri Begawan ➢ Nauru (Smallest Republic) Yaren (De facto) ➢ Madagascar Antananarivo ➢ Ecuador Quito ➢ Sri Lanka (Administrative) Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte ➢ Sri Lanka (Commercial) Colombo ➢ South Africa Pretoria (Executive), Cape Town (Legislative), Bloem Fontein (Judicial) Cities and Towns ➢ Benghazi Libya ➢ Canton China ➢ Ujiji (Town) Tanzania ➢ Normandy (region) Northern France ➢ Sharm al Sheikh Egypt ➢ Aleppo Syria ➢ Nablus West Bank (Palestine) ➢ Rupal Village Astore (Gilgit - Baltistan) ➢ Disputed Territories ➢ Spartly Islands China and Vietnam, Philippine, Malaysia ➢ Falkland Islands England-- Argentina (1982) ➢ Minicoy Island India Maldives ➢ Paracel Islands (South China Sea) China-Vietnam ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢.

TAIMOOR UMAR GONDAL taimoorgondal@gmail.com Page 53 www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide Currencies ➢ Egypt Egyptian Pound ➢ Libya Dinar ➢ Sudan Dinar ➢ Iran Rial ➢ Israel Shakel ➢ Korea (North+South) Won ➢ Malaysia Ringgit ➢ Sri Lanka Rupee ➢ Syria Syrian Pound ➢ Thailand Baht ➢ Kazakhstan Tenge ➢ Guatemala Quetzal ➢ Nigeria Nyere ➢ Turkey Turkish Lira ➢ Denmark D. Krone ➢ Norway Krone ➢ Sweden Krone ➢ Russia Rubble ➢ Kenya Shilling ➢ Somalia Shilling ➢ Indonesia Rupiah ➢ Philippines Peso ➢ Mexico Peso ➢ Venezuela Bolivar ➢ Myanmar Kyat ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢.

TAIMOOR UMAR GONDAL taimoorgondal@gmail.com Page 54 www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide Old and New Names ➢ Abyssinia Ethiopia ➢ Angora Ankara ➢ Bombay Mumbai ➢ Ceylone Sri Lanka (22nd May 1972) ➢ Constantinople Istanbul ➢ Formosa Taiwan ➢ Holland Netherlands ➢ Krugn Thep Bangkok ➢ Mesopotamia Iraq ➢ Burma Myanmar (18th June 1989) ➢ Rangoon Yangoon (18th June 1989) ➢ Mysore Karnatka ➢ Peking Beijing ➢ Persia Iran ➢ Gold Coast Ghana ➢ Benadir Somalia ➢ Bechuanaland Republic of Botswana ➢ Helvetia Switzerland ➢ Rhodesia Zimbabwe ➢ Salisbury Harare ➢ Siam Thailand ➢ Bactria Afghanistan ➢ Nippon Japan ➢ Madras Chennai ➢ Zaire Congo ➢ Campbell Pur Attock ➢ Montgomery Sahiwal ➢ Lyallpur Faisalabad ➢ Astana Nur Sultan ➢ ➢ ➢.

TAIMOOR UMAR GONDAL taimoorgondal@gmail.com Page 55 www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide International Days ➢ Int. Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 21st March ➢ Day for Water 22nd March ➢ World Health Day 7th April ➢ Earth Day 22nd April ➢ Labour Day 1st May ➢ Press Freedom Day 3rd May ➢ Int. Nurses Day 12th May ➢ Int. Day for UN Peacekeepers 29th May ➢ No-Tobacco Day 31st May ➢ World Environment Day 5th June ➢ Refugee Day 20th June ➢ World Population Day 11th July ➢ Malala Day 12th July ➢ Int. Youth Day 12th August ➢ Int. Day against nuclear tests 29th August ➢ Int. Literacy Day 8th September ➢ Int. Day for the prevention of Ozone Layer 16th September ➢ Int. Day of Peace 21st September ➢ Int. Day for the Eradication of Poverty 17th October ➢ Int. Polio Day 24th October ➢ Int. Day of Tolerance 16th November ➢ Int. Day for the Elimination of Violence against women 25th November ➢ Int. Day of Disabled Persons 3rd December ➢ Human Rights Day 10th December ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ For more details visit www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide.

TAIMOOR UMAR GONDAL taimoorgondal@gmail.com Page 56 www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide Important Lines and Boundaries ➢ Durand Line Pak- Afghan (12th November 1893) Sir Mortimer Durand & Abdul Rehman Khan ➢ Hindenburg Line Germany- Poland ➢ Marginal Line France- Germany (320km) WW-II ➢ McMahon Line India- China (Sir Henry McMahon) ➢ Redcliffe Line Pak-India ➢ 17th Parallel Line North and South Vietnam ➢ 24th Parallel Line India-Pakistan ➢ 38th Parallel Line North and South Korea ➢ 49th Parallel Line USA and Canada ➢ Order Neisse Border Germany and Poland ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ For more details visit www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide.

TAIMOOR UMAR GONDAL taimoorgondal@gmail.com Page 57 www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide Straits, Canals and Important links Name Between Links Bab el Mandeb KSA and Africa Red Sea and Arabian Sea Bering Alaska (USA) and Siberia Pacific and Arctic Ocean Dardanelles Asian Turkey and European Turkey Sea of Marmora and Aegean Sea Dover England and Europe North Sea and Atlantic Ocean Florida Florida and Cuba Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Gibraltar Spain and Morocco Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean Malacca Malaysia and Sumatra Indian Ocean and South China Sea Palk India and Sri Lanka Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea Hormuz Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Bass Australia and Tasmania Southern Ocean and Pacific Ocean Bosphorus Asian Turkey and European Turkey Black Sea and Sea of Marmara Johor Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia Strait of Malacca and Singapore Strait ➢ Gate of Tears Bab el Mandeb ➢ Key to Mediterranean Strait of Gibraltar ➢ Strait between Russia- USA Bering Strait ➢ Malacca Strait separates Indonesia and Malaysia ➢ Strait of Gibraltar separates Morocco and Spain ➢ Bosphorous Strait connects Black Sea with Sea of Marmara ➢ Sunda Strait separates Sumatra and Java ➢ Palk Strait separates India and Sri Lanka ➢ Messina Strait separates Italy and Sicily ➢ Bering Strait separates Asia from North America ➢ Dardanelles Strait connects Sea of Marmara with Aegean Sea ➢ English Channel is between England and France ➢ Suez Canal connects Red Sea with Mediterranean ➢ Panama Canal connects Atlantic with Pacific ➢ Keil Canal connects North Sea with Baltic Sea ➢ About 40% of world oil is transported through Strait of Hormuz.

TAIMOOR UMAR GONDAL taimoorgondal@gmail.com Page 58 www.youtube.com/c/csspmsguide Deserts ➢ Sahara (Largest) North Africa ➢ Arabian Arabian Peninsula (Saudi Arabia and Syria) ➢ Gobi Mongolia; China ➢ Kalahari South Africa ➢ Great Sandy NW Australia ➢ Great Victoria SW Australia ➢ Gibson West Australia ➢ Thar Pakistan, India ➢ Death Valley E California : SW Nevada ➢ Nubian NE Sudan ➢ Kara-Kum Turkmenistan ➢ Dasht-e-Lut Iran ➢ Atacama (Driest Place) N Chile ➢ Kyzyl-Kum Uzbekistan/Kazakhstan ➢ Black Rock NW Nevada ➢ Taklamakan Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, China Famous Rivers ➢ Darling Australia ➢ Red River USA ➢ Don Russia ➢ Latani Lebanon ➢ Volga Russia ➢ Danube Germany ➢ Ural Russia ➢ Amu Darya Uzbekistan/ Turkmenistan ➢ Euphrates (Farat) Turkey, Syria, Iraq ➢ Tigris (Dajla) Turkey, Syria, Iraq ➢ Mackenzie Canada ➢ Roe River (Shortest) Montana (USA) 201 Feet (61m) ➢ Longest River The Nile ➢ Largest River The Amazon.