CARL ROGER

CARL ROGER. PRESENTED BY: ABDUL RAUF 19147 AYESHA ARSHED 19143 WAJIHA GULZAR 19127.

LIFE HISTORY.

Carl Ransom Rogers was born on 8 January 1902 in a suburb of.

In 1914 the family moved to a large farm thirty miles to the west of Chicago. Reflecting on the move later, Rogers saw it as motivated by two different factors. In the first place, his father, now a successful and prosperous businessman, wanted a farm for a hobby but Carl came to believe that the second and more important reason was a desire on the part of his parents to protect their growing adolescent children from the ‘temptations’ of suburban city life (Rogers, 1961: 6). The social isolation thus continued for Carl throughout his secondary schooling and he ruefully admits that he went through high school with only two dates to his credit. Life on the farm, however, enabled him to develop interests which were to have significance in his later professional life..

New freedom. With such a background it is scarcely surprising that when, following the family tradition, Rogers became a student at the University of Wisconsin, he should enrol in the field of scientific agriculture. His ambition at this stage was to manage a farm in the most modern and scientific fashion possible..

Journey to china. In the midst of this sea-change of religious perception Rogers was chosen as one of only a dozen students from the United States to attend a World Student Christian Federation conference in Peking, China . This tour was to last more than six months and was a watershed in Rogers’ spiritual and intellectual development..

From theology to psychology. He later wrote that increasingly he came to realize that, deeply as he was committed to the constructive improvement of life for society and for individuals, he could not stay in a field where he would be required to believe in a specific religious doctrine..

Rogers’ restlessness with his religious studies was already evident during his second year at Union and he found an outlet by taking several courses at the neighbouring Teachers’ College of Columbia University. By simply walking across the road he found himself following a course in clinical psychology under the guidance of Leta Hollingworth , of whom he significantly remarked that she combined the qualities of a warm human being with those of a competent research worker. It was thanks to Hollingworth that he had his first experience of working with disturbed children. Equally important was his contact with William Heard Kilpatrick who was a former student of John Dewey and expounded Dewey’s views on progressive education with great power and persuasiveness..

The Rochester year. Having considered the different types of therapy with which he had worked at Rochester, Rogers concluded that to some extent they converged in the attitude of the therapist. He went on to identify four basic attributes of all therapists and listed these as: 1 objectivity, in which he included a ‘capacity for sympathy which will not be overdone, a genuinely receptive and interested attitude, a deep understanding which will find it impossible to pass moral judgements or be shocked and horrified’ 2 a respect for the individual: ‘the aim is to leave the major responsibilities in the hands of the child as an individual going towards independence’ 3 understanding of the self, to which he allied the therapist’s ability to be self-accepting as well as self-aware 4 psychological knowledge, by which he meant ‘a thorough basis of knowledge of human behaviour and of its physical, social and psychological determinants’ (Rogers, 193.

The global community and spiritual life.

This introductory exploration of Rogers’ life and work would be incomplete without one further discussion. It would seem that the young man who had set out to become a farmer and had then changed direction to become a Christian minister had moved a long way from his initial moorings by the time of his death as the world-renowned psychologist, therapist and peace worker. Yet I am tempted to believe that this was not altogether the case and that the clue to the essential continuity in his development as a person lies in the hiddenness of his spiritual pilgrimage. It is to this that I wish now to turn. There can be no doubt that the young Rogers was a deeply religious man. His letters and diary entries in the period prior to and during the China trip show a certain theological turmoil but this is always allied to a powerful idealism and, increasingly, to a deep admiration for and attraction to the personality of Christ. Equally there is no doubt that once Rogers had made the decision to abandon his training for the Christian ministry he turned his back not only on the Christian church but on any overt belief in the Christian religion..

Contributions to Psychology. With his emphasis on human potential, Carl Rogers had an enormous influence on both psychology and education. Beyond that, he is considered by many to be one of the most influential psychologists of the 20th century. More therapists cite Rogers as their primary influence than any other psychologist. As described by his daughter Natalie Rogers, he was "a model for compassion and democratic ideals in his own life, and in his work as an educator, writer, and therapist." 1.

Self-Actualization.

Self-Actualization:. Rogers believed that all people possess an inherent need to grow and achieve their potential. This need to achieve self actualization, he believed, was one of the primary motives driving behavior..

Unconditional Positive Regard. For psychotherapy to be successful, Rogers suggested, it was imperative for the therapist to provide unconditional positive regard to the client. This means that the therapist accepts the client as they are and allows them to express both positive and negative feelings without judgment or reproach..

Development of the Self. Rogers believed that the formation of a healthy self-concept was an ongoing process shaped by a person's life experiences. People with a stable sense of self tend to have greater confidence and cope more effectively with life's challenges . Rogers suggested that self concept begins to develop during childhood and is heavily influenced by parenting. Parents who offer their children unconditional love and regard are more likely to foster a healthy self-concept. Children who feel that they have to “earn” their parents' love may end up with low self-esteem and feelings of unworthiness..

What is self concept?.

The 3 Components of the Self-Concept. Self-worth - "I feel good about myself " : Self-image - "I think I am a good person " : Ideal-self - "I would like to be a good person":.

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