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WIRELESS SENSORS NETWORK IN RAILWAY SIGNALING SYSTEM

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The railway network's  signaling  systems, which are used to provide information to drivers in order to regulate train movement, have developed over many decades. Railways use a variety of  signaling  systems, with several kinds of signals located in strategic places, to ensure the safe passage of trains. There is a possibility that station tracks are occupied, therefore it is essential that a train comes to a complete stop rather than proceeding to the station and causing an accident. Additionally, it is necessary to note out that the trains do not stop at the majority of stops, and the stations are mainly intended to function as run-through locations. However,  signaling  systems have a significant impact on how a railway driver slows down the trains. When not necessary, this braking has a major effect on the train's run duration and also on the railway system's throughput.

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Railway transport services can be broadly classified into transportation planning for the purpose of developing a train diagram, traffic management (traffic control and route control), which manages train operation based on the train diagram, train control, which controls train speeds, and signal control, which operates railway signals or switches.

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Traffic management is used to manage train traffic and routes on a daily basis based on the train diagram. It is not only to run trains as planned on the train diagram, but also to include operation readjustment after a disruption of the train diagram due to accidents or other causes, and how to restore regular operation, as well as achievement control to sort out the outcomes. Previously, these activities were carried out through telephone connection between the control  center  and the field. It had been mechanized via the use of a centralized PRC system (Programmed Route Control system).

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If a train driver controls a train only by monitoring signals, mishaps due to human error are a possibility. Numerous methods have been designed and used to mitigate human error. These include a cab warning device that indicates when the train is approaching a stop signal, an enhanced automatic train stop system (ATS), a new ATS-P with the ability to operate while comparing permissive and running speeds, and an automatic train control device (ATC) that indicates permissible speed inside the train cab and automatically applies the brakes based on the permissible speed. Additionally, digital ATC (D-ATC) transmits stop point information to the train's on-board unit, while the train recognizes its own position, calculates the distance to the stop point while taking curves, gradients, and other factors into account, and the train autonomously controls the brakes properly when necessary.

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Railway signals and switches are controlled through metallic cables, by supplying current to a large number of electric wires and regulating the on-and-off switching of lights and relay operations. Due to the fact that this technique needs wire, large-scale stations require not only extensive wiring work, but also efforts for confirmation testing. As a result, we are currently developing a network signal control system that regulates railway signals via an optical network, transmitting and receiving control and information data between a Logic Controller installed in the signal house at stations and a field controller equipped in railway signals.

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The purpose of this study is to develop a low-cost transportation management system based on the integration of GPS and GSM data and to: 	1.)	Design and develop a system that collects data from trains and displays its location using the global positioning system (GPS). 	2.)	Construct a computer-based system that improve service, location notifications are sent through GSM.; and 	3.)	Design and construct the basis of prior data, the technology allows railway congestion management.

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The researchers propose to utilize Wireless Sensor Networks in lieu of the current wire  signaling  system in the suggested paradigm. In railway  signaling , a wireless sensor network may resolve all of the issues mentioned in Section 3. Wireless technology is superior to cable technology because wireless components are simple to install and maintain and give correct information.

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The proposed model's architecture is shown in Figure 4. The system communicates through wireless media rather than network wires. S represents a wireless sensor node located on the railroad side, 200 meters apart. The sensors utilized in this application are Transmit Only Sensors. These sensors use extremely little energy, which extends the sensor's life.

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The researchers make no use of visual  signaling  systems such as red, green, or yellow light signals. The sink at the station initiates signals, which are sent by the sensors on the railroad side and received by the sensor on the train. After processing, the data collected by the Train Sensor will be shown on the train's screen. The researchers can send a signal to the trains using the current  signaling  system, but cannot receive any signals from the trains. Researchers may get information on the train's speed and location using the suggested method.

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1)	At the moment of departure, SINK at Source Station will transmit a departure signal to the train. 2)	Train sensors will begin transmitting data about their location and speed to the closest sensor on the railroad side. After receiving signals from the train sensor, sensors on the railroad side will send these signals in an ad hoc fashion to both stations on their respective sides through other sensors on the railway.

3) After receiving the train sensor signal, the source station may issue a departure signal to another train on the same track before the first train arrives at the destination station.  4) Stations may interact with one another via a sensor network and exchange data as needed. This communication between stations is now carried out through telephone, which is a highly sluggish and complicated method.

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To meet consumer demands for railway services, it is necessary to modify the current  signaling  system. The proposed Railway  Signaling  System incorporates all of the features that are currently missing in the present  signaling  system. Several of the suggested  signaling  system's advantages are mentioned below. a)	To improve train frequency and alleviate congestion, signal proliferation is used, which enables train intervals to be reduced, as shown in Figure 5. This is not feasible with the current method of  signaling . If one train is delayed, it affects all subsequent trains.

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The proposed method allows railway congestion management based on trains' previous and precise information. The current  signaling  system prohibits the departure of a second train from the source station until the first train has reached the next stop on the track. After manual confirmation of the train's arrival or departure from the next stop, the source station gives the second train with a departure signal. This is a highly inefficient and time-consuming procedure, but with a WSN-based  signaling  system, we can operate three or four trains between two stops simultaneously.

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The proposed system included a fast train to reduce travel time and to offer efficient passing facilities. The same sensor network may be applied to notify both trains of their passage. As shown in Figure 6, the run-through train is moved to the main track, while the second train ahead of the passing train is relocated to the side line. To enable direct through operation across many lines and enhance traffic convenience, the proposed system requires the integration of  signaling  systems comprised of components for each line

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Additionally, the proposed system provides precise train location to railroads and passengers, owing to the frequently updated information given by sensors to sinks on both sides. Train position information provided on the internet or at the station inquiry counter is insufficiently precise to determine the actual location of the train. By using a WSN-based  signaling  system, an accurate picture of train positions may be presented to the enquiry handler at the inquiry counter, allowing the individual to more effectively answer passenger inquiries. This technology eliminates the need for inefficient manual telephone contact between stations.

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This article discusses the use of wireless sensor networks in the railway  signaling  system. Because wireless sensor networks are capable of operating in distant locations and are simple to install, they will meet the need for an innovative railway  signaling  system. After comparing it to conventional  signaling  schemes, we can infer that the use of Wireless Sensor Networks in Railway  Signaling  Systems would increase railway efficiency. The proposed  signaling  system will aid in improving safety and accuracy while being economically viable. Additionally, it will assist passengers in obtaining the precise position of their train, something they now do not get through the present telephone communication system. Thus, WSN is a breakthrough for railways, as it solves the requirement for smart and intelligent  signaling .

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Erovoutika  Robotics and  Autimation  Solution Unit D.  Urdaneta  Rd., Guadalupe Nuevo, Makati City, 1212 Makati Philippines erovoutika@gmail.com +(02) 8370 1811 www.facebook.com/erovoutika

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Erovoutika Robotics and Automation Solution

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 Erovoutika  Robotics and  Autimation  Solution Unit D.  Urdaneta  Rd., Guadalupe Nuevo, Makati City, 1212 Makati Philippines erovoutika@gmail.com +(02) 8370 1811 www.facebook.com/erovoutika

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