COMMUNICATION

[Audio] Communication, communication process, principles and ethics..

[Audio] Hello Everyone, I am Bryan Barias, today we will be tackling about communication processes, principles and ethics. Stay tuned!.

[Audio] Our Agenda for today is the introduction of communication, this will allow us to know what communication is. Then the second is Communication Processes and Models where I will be introducing 4 types of communication models and identify the processes. The third one is communication principles, in this part we will be discussing the principles behind communication. And lastly, Ethics of communication..

[Audio] Let us head to our first topic which is the introduction to communication..

[Audio] What is communication? Well, Communication is a process that involves sending and receiving messages through the verbal and non-verbal methods. Additionally, the Communication is a two-way process wherein the message in the form of ideas, thoughts, feelings, opinions is transmitted between two or more persons with the intent of creating a shared understanding..

[Audio] There are many conceptual models for human communication but you will be exposed to only four. These are Aristotle's model, Laswell's model, Shannon-Weaver's model; and David Berlo's Model of Communication. Now, let us explore the second topic which is Communication Processes and models and identify the four types of communication models..

[Audio] Aristotle's Communication Model Aristotle, a great philosopher initiative the earliest mass communication model called "Aristotle's Model of Communication". He proposed a model before 300 B.C who found the importance of the audience role in the communication chain in his communication model. This model is more focused on public speaking than interpersonal communication. Aristotle Model of Communication is formed with 5 basic elements (i) Speaker, (ii) Speech, (iii) Occasion, (iv) Audience and (v) Effect. Aristotle advises speakers to build speech for different audiences at a different time (occasion) and for different effects. Note that the speaker variable here is very important. Without the speaker, there will be no speech to be produced. Depending on the profile of the speaker adjusts his or her speech. Some considerations for the audience demographics are age, sex, background, culture, race, religion, gender, social and economic status, and political orientation or inclination, among others. Even beliefs, views, and attitudes also play an important role when talking about audience consideration since oftentimes, the audience brings these with them when they decode the message in any given situation..

[Audio] In 1948, Harold Dwight Laswell describes communication as being focused on the following W's: who says what in which channel to home and with what effect as seen in the model. The whole process of communication begins with the communicator ( who ) sending out the message ( what ) using a medium( in which channel ) for a receiver ( to whom) experiencing an effect afterward. The process may be analyzed through the content sent, the medium used, as well as the effect on the rose plant of the message. While this model is similar to Aristotle's in the sense that both are linear and have the same components, Laswell also differs in that there are five variables involved with the addition of two: medium and effect..

[Audio] Claude Elwood Shannon and Warren Weaver's model of communication was introduced in 1949, a year after Laswell's for Bell Laboratories. This model is specially designed to develop effective communication between the sender and the receiver. Also, they find factors which affecting the communication process called "Noise". At first, the model was developed to improve the Technical communication. Later it's widely applied in the field of Communication. The model deals with various concepts like Information source, transmitter, Noise, channel, message, receiver, channel, information destination, encode, and decode..

[Audio] David Kenneth Berlo (1929 — February 23, 1996) was an American communications theorist. He taught at Michigan State University and later served as president of Illinois State University. He proposed the: BERLO'S COMMUNICATION MODEL Berlo's SMCR Model of Communication represents the process of communication in its simplest form. The acronym SMCR stands for Sender, Message, Channel, and Receiver. Berlo's SMCR Model of Communication describes the different components that form the basic process of communication. Because this communication tool also emphasise the coding and decoding of the message, it can be used for more efficient communication. (Janse, 2019) Berlo's model follows the SMCR model. This model is not specific to any particular communication. Berlo's model includes a number of factors under each of the elements: Source: The source is situated where the message originates. Communication skills — It is the skill of the individual to communicate. For example, the ability to read, write, speak, listen, etc. Attitudes — This includes attitudes towards the audience, subject, and towards oneself. For example, for the student, the attitude is to learn more and for teachers, it is to help teach. Knowledge– Communicating also means that the person needs to be knowledgeable about the subject or topic. For e.g. a teacher needs to know about the subject in detail that he or she teaches so that they can communicate properly such that the students understand here. It refers, not to the general knowledge, but to the knowledge of the subject that the person is communicating and their familiarity with it. Social system — The social system includes the various aspects of society like values, beliefs, culture, religion, and a general understanding of society. It is where the communication takes place. For example, classrooms differ from country to country just like people's behaviors and how they communicate, etc. We can communicate only to the extent that the social system allows. When we communicate, we take the social system into account. Culture: The culture of a particular society also comes under the social system. According to this model, people can communicate only if the above requirements are met in the proper or adequate proportion. Encoder: The sender of the message, from where the message originates, is referred to as the encoder. So the source encodes the message here. Message Content — The body of a message, from the beginning to the end, comprises its content. For example, whatever the class teacher teaches in the class, from beginning to end, is the content of the message. Elements — It includes various things like language, gestures, body language, etc. They constitute all the elements of a particular message. Any content is accompanied by some elements. Treatment — It refers to the packing of the message and the way in which the message is conveyed or the way in which it is passed on or delivered. When there is too much treatment, communication will not go smoothly. Structure– The structure of the message refers to how it is arranged; the way people structure the message into various parts. The message is the same, but if the structure is not properly arranged then the receiver will not understand the message. Code– The code of the message refers to the means through which it is sent and in what form. It could be, for example, language, body language, gestures, music, etc. Even culture is a code. Through this, people give and receive messages and communication takes place. Only when the code is clear, the message will be clear. The wrong usage may lead to misinterpretation. Channel– It refers to the five sense organs. The following are the.

[Audio] Now let us discuss communication process. The communication is a dynamic process that begins with the conceptualizing of ideas by the sender who then transmits the message through a channel to the receiver, who in turn gives the feedback in the form of some message or signal within the given time frame..

[Audio] Thus, there are Seven major elements of communication process: Sender: The sender or the communicator is the person who initiates the conversation and has conceptualized the idea that he intends to convey it to others. Encoding: The sender begins with the encoding process wherein he uses certain words or non-verbal methods such as symbols, signs, body gestures, etc. to translate the information into a message. The sender's knowledge, skills, perception, background, competencies, etc. has a great impact on the success of the message. Message: Once the encoding is finished, the sender gets the message that he intends to convey. The message can be written, oral, symbolic or non-verbal such as body gestures, silence, sighs, sounds, etc. or any other signal that triggers the response of a receiver. Communication Channel: The Sender chooses the medium through which he wants to convey his message to the recipient. It must be selected carefully in order to make the message effective and correctly interpreted by the recipient. The choice of medium depends on the interpersonal relationships between the sender and the receiver and also on the urgency of the message being sent. Oral, virtual, written, sound, gesture, etc. are some of the commonly used communication mediums. Receiver: The receiver is the person for whom the message is intended or targeted. He tries to comprehend it in the best possible manner such that the communication objective is attained. The degree to which the receiver decodes the message depends on his knowledge of the subject matter, experience, trust and relationship with the sender. Decoding: Here, the receiver interprets the sender's message and tries to understand it in the best possible manner. An effective communication occurs only if the receiver understands the message in exactly the same way as it was intended by the sender. Feedback: The Feedback is the final step of the process that ensures the receiver has received the message and interpreted it correctly as it was intended by the sender. It increases the effectiveness of the communication as it permits the sender to know the efficacy of his message. The response of the receiver can be verbal or non-verbal..

[Audio] We now proceed to the third, which is communication principles..

[Audio] GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION Since communication is a two — way process, it is important that you know the principles to be observed to make it effective. For both oral and written communication, you should be able to apply the following principles: 1. Know your purpose in communicating. 2. Know your audience. 3. Know your topic. 4. Adjust your speech or writing to the context of the situation. 5. Work on the feedback given to you..

[Audio] PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE ORAL COMMUNICATION 1. Be clear about your purpose. You should know by heart your objective in communicating. 2. Be complete with the message you deliver. Make sure that your claims are supported by facts and essential information. 3. Be concise. You do not need to be verbose or were they with your statements. Brevity in speech is a must. 4. Be natural with your delivery. Punctuate important words with appropriate gestures and movements. Exude a certain degree of confidence if you do not feel confident enough. 5. Be specific and timely with your feedback. Inputs are most helpful when provided on time..

[Audio] 7 C'S PRINCIPLE OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION 1. Be clear 2. Be concise 3. Be concrete 4. Be correct 5. Be coherent 6. Be complete 7. Be courteous.

[Audio] For our last topic, we have ethics of communication..

[Audio] ETHICS OF COMMUNICATION Be guided by the following to achieve ethical communication: 1. Establish an effective value system that will pave the way for the development of your integrity as a person. One's behavior and decision- making style affect the intern in the operations of an organization. 2. Provide complete and accurate information. Whether it is needed or not the data should always be contextualized correctly. 3. Disclose vital information adequately and appropriately. Never conceal or hide information that is necessary for purposes of transparency..

[Audio] Thank you all for listening! I hope you have learned something from our discussion..