Big five Personality traits and Aggression among Athletes.

Big five Personality traits and Aggression among Athletes..

Contents. Introduction Aim of the study Variables Definitions Review of literature Rationale Research gap Objectives Hypothesis Method and measures Results Discussion Practical implications Limitations and suggestions Conclusion.

INTRODUCTION. AIM: The current research attempts to find a relationship between aggression levels and five dimensions of personality among athletes. VARIABLES: Aggression: Aggression is any behaviour aimed at inflicting pain or injury on an opponent. Personality: Personality is the human tendency to think, feel, and act in consistent ways..

Openness : This trait features characteristics like imagination and insight. Conscientiousness. S tandard features of this dimension include high levels of thoughtfulness, good impulse control, and goal-oriented behavior. Highly conscientious people tend to be organized and mindful of details. Extraversion. Extraversion is characterized by excitability, sociability, talkativeness, assertiveness, and high amounts of emotional expressiveness. Agreeableness: This personality dimension includes attributes like trust, altruism, kindness, affection, and other prosocial behavior. Neuroticism: Neuroticism is a trait characterized by sadness, moodiness, and emotional instability..

REVIEW OF LITERATURE. The notable finding that sport creates positive qualities in competitors has been driving force for some research in sports psychology and research(Aliloo, et al.,2011) Sports participation has been related with positive character attributes like extraversion and low degrees of neuroticism, pressure, exhaustion and disarray. Competitors have been found to show higher levels of egocentricity, lower levels of moral thinking and more noteworthy acknowledgement of forceful way of behaving than non-members.(Aliloo,et al.,,2011).

Researchers have studied personality in different domains ranging from workplace to athletics. Personality predicts or is related to many things, including achievement, motivation, leadership and performance(Aliloo, et al.,2011) According to a previous research there was a significant positive relationship between neuroticism and physical aggression(Besharatand & Nia,2010). In another study there was a negative relationship between factors like extraversion, openness, and conscientiousness with aggression(Komasi et al.,2016).

GENDER. Gender-Sports relations represent a relatively new field of content in this context, especially when we are dealing with the topic ‘Aggression.’ Studies of gender differences in self-concept indicate that differences in domain- specific self-concepts of boys and girls tend to run along gender- stereotypic lines. So female players maybe subjected to gender role conflict and adopt appropriate behavior to counter- balance non- appropriate sports choice(Espnes, et al.,2004; Scully, et al., 1998)..

In an academic context, the tendency for men to manifest a higher levels of aggressiveness and/or display more aggression than women is well documented(Buss & Perry, 1991). The tendency for males males to engage in more physical aggression than females at all ages is revealed in longitudinal research and females were high in hostile aggression and the emotion anger(Carlo, et al.,1999) Jacklin and Maccoby(1974;1980) in an extensive review of proposed gender differences, conclude that the area of aggression and hostility demonstrates the largest gender differences is found accross cultures..

RATIONALE. Sport, as a social practice, is actively involved in the individual's socialization and one often highlights the role it plays in developing moral values such as support, fair play, solidarity, or cooperation. Studying aggressive behavior is important to the athletic world due to the wide range of possible negative performance outcomes, including youth violence and its relation to the athletes personality. The study of personality is important since it is a major factor in goal setting and also determines strategies and helps in coping with various aspects of sports..

Personality either predicts or is related to many things, including performance, motivation, leadership. Understanding the individuals personality and aggression levels can help both the athlete and coach to get better understanding of what causes the resulting behavior and make adjustments. Research indicates that every athlete goes through intense physical training to meet and maintain the necessary standards for that particular sport. It often so happens that neither the athletes or the audience acknowledge the importance of mental health..

research gap. While sport psychology and literature has traditionally focused on aggression, this phenomenon has been systematically overlooked, particularly regarding its social and personal implications and identifying characteristics of personality is yet to be fully sustained and does not result in systematic research. There has been limited research into athletic aggression and personality . Most studies focused on differences that exist between team and individual sports, contact and non- contact athletes..

03. 01. 02. 04. OBJECTIVES. To assess the aggression levels among athletes..

HYPOTHESIS. Hypothesis 1 : There will be a significant difference between female and male athletes in terms of anger. Hypothesis 5: There will be a significant difference between female and male athletes in terms of neuroticism. Hypothesis 14 : There will be a significant relationship between anger and agreeableness. Hypothesis 21: There will be a significant relationship between hostility and neuroticism. Hypothesis 24: There will be a significant relationship between hostility and agreeableness..

Hypothesis 26: There will be a significant relationship between verbal aggression and neuroticism. Hypothesis 27: There will be a significant relationship between verbal aggression extraversion. Hypothesis 28: There will be a significant relationship between verbal aggression openness. Hypothesis 29 : There will be a significant relationship between verbal aggression agreeableness. Hypothesis 30: There will be a significant relationship between verbal aggression and conscientiousnes s..

Design: This research adopts a correlational research methodology. Demographic variables : Participants completed a demographic information section which included questions on name, age, gender, and type of sport. Sampling: A sample of 80 athletes ranging from the age group between 18-25(M=49,F=31) were selected for this study through snowball sampling method. The sample included athletes from various competitive sports like cricket, basketball, archery, football..

MEASURES. NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). The Buss and Perry aggression Questionnaire.

RESULTS(shapiro wilk). Variables Statistic df Significance Anger 0.107 80 0.032 Physical aggression 0.092 80 0.066 Hostility 0.088 80 0.409 Verbal aggression 0.104 80 0.2 Aggression 0.11 80 0.008 Neuroticism 0.075 80 0.203 Extraversion 0.126 80 0.036 Openness 0.082 80 0.256 Agreeableness 0.105 80 0.061 Conscientiousness 0.073 80 0.094.

N Mean Ranks Sum of Ranks Mann-Whitney U Wilcoxon W Z Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed Anger Female 31 48.85 1514.50 500.500 1725.500 -2.562 .010 Male 49 35.21 1725.50 PA Female 31 37.00 1147.00 651.000 1147.000 -1.074 .283 Male 49 42.71 2093.00 Hostility Female 31 40.24 1247.50 751.500 1247.500 -.079 .937 Male 49 40.66 1992.50 Verbal aggression Female 31 40.95 1269.50 754.500 1970.500 -.139 .890 Male 49 40.21 1970.50 Aggression Female 31 39.63 1228.50 732.500 1228.500 -.267 .789 Male 49 41.05 2011.50 Neuroticism Female 31 47.45 1471.00 544.000 1769.000 -2.132 .033 Male 49 36.10 1769.00 Extraversion Female 31 38.31 1187.50 691.500 1187.500 -.673 .501 Male 49 41.89 2052.50 Openness Female 31 43.39 1345.00 670.000 1895.000 -.886 .375 Male 49 38.67 1895.00 Agreeableness Female 31 45.16 1400.00 615.000 1840.000 -1.433 .152 Male 49 37.55 1840.00 Conscientiousness Female 31 44.10 1367.00 648.000 1873.000 -1.102 .271 Male 49 38.22 1873.00.

Anger Physical Aggression Hostility Verbal Aggression Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Agreeableness Conscientiousness Aggression Anger .1.00 -.308** -.050 .005 -.562** .114 -.036 .031** .037 .087 Physical Aggression 1.00 .388** .169 .333** -.086 -.063 .028 -.029 -.079 Hostility 1.000 .226* .198 - .268* -.171 -.018 -.217 -.203 Verbal Aggression 1.000 .283* -.440** -.424** -.353** -.626** -.559** Aggression 1.000 -.106 -.070 -.316** -.151 -.182 Neuroticism 1.000 .658** .479** .623** .851** Extraversion 1.000 .497** .525** .867** Openness 1.000 .458** .713** Agreeableness 1.000 .753** Conscientiousness 1.000.

The first hypothesis stated that there will be a significant difference between female and male athletes in terms of anger. The results indicated that significant difference exists between gender.Thus, hypothesis 1 is accepted. The present study is congruent with previous studies. According to Sharkin(1993) even though there is little factual support for it, the belief that men and women experience and display rage differently continues to be prevalent in the psychological and counselling literature. The fifth hypothesis stated that there will be a significant difference between female and male athletes in terms of neuroticism. The results indicated that a significant difference exists in terms of neuroticism between gender which is congruent with previous studies. Thus, hypothesis 5 is accepted. In a study conducted by (Richard&Terence 1997) Despite challenges with translation and sampling, the gender difference in neuroticism was the most consistent finding: women had higher mean values than males in all 37 nations..

The fourteenth hypothesis states that there will be a significant relationship between anger and agreeableness. The results indicated that there was a negative relationship found between anger and openness which is congruent with previous findings. Thus, hypothesis 14 is accepted. Tremblay and Ewart (2005) found a negative relationship between openness and anger. The twenty-first hypothesis states that there will be a significant relationship between hostility and neuroticism. The results indicated that there was a positive relationship found between hostility and neuroticism which is congruent with previous findings. Thus, hypothesis 21 is accepted. Hostility is characterised by sentiments of danger and suspicion. and resentment, which is commonly referred to as neurotic hostility, is linked to measures of neuroticism ( Siegman , 1987)..

The twenty-fourth hypothesis states that there will be a significant relationship between hostility and agreeableness. The results indicated that there was no significant relationship found between hostility and agreeableness which is not aligned with the previous findings. Thus, hypothesis 24 is rejected. Individuals who are high in agreeableness exhibit lower levels of animosity and irritation than those who are low in agreeableness (Graziano & Eisenberg, 1997). They have a tendency to be trusting and nice to others (Costa,1991) The twenty-sixth hypothesis states that there will be a significant relationship between verbal aggression and neuroticism. The results indicated that there was a negative relationship found between verbal aggression and neuroticism which is congruent with previous findings. Thus, hypothesis 26 is accepted. Typically, neuroticism is measured as emotional stability, with lower scores indicating greater neuroticism and higher scores indicating greater emotional stability.

The twenty-seventh hypothesis states that there will be a significant relationship between verbal aggression and extraversion. The results indicated that there was a negative relationship found between verbal aggression and extraversion which is congruent with previous findings. Thus, hypothesis 27 is accepted. Extraversion, sometimes known as surgency, is concerned with a person's social life. Someone with a high extraversion score is more chatty, open, adventurous, and gregarious, whereas someone with a low extraversion score is more quiet, secretive, cautious, and introverted (Norman, 1963). The twenty-eighth hypothesis states that there will be a significant relationship between verbal aggression and openness. The results indicated that there was a negative relationship found between verbal aggression and openness which is congruent with previous studies. Thus, hypothesis 28 is accepted. According to The trait openness was found to be negatively correlated with verbal aggression by Sharma and Raju (2002)..

The twenty-ninth hypothesis states that there will be a significant relationship between verbal aggression and agreeableness. The results indicated that there was a negative relationship found between verbal aggression and agreeableness which is congruent with previous studies. Thus, hypothesis 29 is accepted. Sharma and Raju (2002) discovered that the factor agreeableness was adversely linked with verbal aggression. The thirtieth hypothesis states that there will be a significant relationship between verbal aggression and conscientiousness. The results indicated that there was a negative relationship found between verbal aggression and conscientiousness which is congruent with previous findings. Thus, hypothesis 30 is accepted. Sharma and Raju (2002) discovered that the factor conscientiousness was adversely connected with verbal aggression..

PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS. ON AN INDIVIDUAL LEVEL: Sport, as a social practice, is actively involved in the individual's’ socialization and one often highlights the role it plays in developing moral values such as support, fair play, solidarity, or cooperation. Aggressive behavior can be destructive and can gradually develop into violence. Understanding individual aggression levels would help both the athlete and coach to get a better understanding of what causes the resulting behavior and can make adjustments where needed . Personality traits are relatively constant patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviors that reflect the tendency to respond in certain ways under certain circumstances. Personality either predicts or is related to many things, including performance motivation, leadership, and job performance..

PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS. ON A GROUP LEVEL: The psychology of sports will continue to explore the relation between levels of aggression and the five personality traits in order to increase performance, ensure efficient team dynamics and avoid injuries. If an individual tends to be aggressive in a team sport, then the effect reflects in the group dynamics as well and the harmony is disrupted. Personality either predicts or is related to many things, including performance motivation, leadership, and job performance..

LIMITATIONS. 80 ATHLETES. SNOWBALL SAMPLING. GENDER BALANCE.

LIMITATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS. Contact and non-contact athletes..

The present study concerns understanding the relationship between aggression and the big five personality traits in terms of athletes and athletic settings among young adults between the ages of 18-and 25. Sports participation has been related with positive character attributes like extraversion and low degrees of neuroticism, pressure, exhaustion, and disarray. Competitors have been found to show higher egocentricity, lower levels of moral thinking, and more noteworthy acknowledgment of forceful way of behaving than non-members..

THANK YOU..

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