Ancient Greece 

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Ancient Greece. Ancient Greece refers to the years 700-480 B.C. Ancient Greece was divided into separate governments, laws, and armies. These city-states, also known as poleis, control their own citizens and hierarchies. The most famous of the poleis were Athens and Sparta . Each city had different rules for their citizens according to birth, hierarchy level, and gender..

Athens. Athens was once the largest and most important ancient Greek cities, and it continues to be the capital of Greece in the 21st century. Their Hierarchy levels consist of Freedman, Metics , and slaves. There are always these different groups that makeup society: men, women, and children. In this society, any Athenian's birth was the most important, because you could not climb the social ladder, if you are born in a lower family then you stay there..

Athenian Hierarchy. Their hierarchy levels consist of Freedman, Metics , and slaves. Freedman were all male citizens who are divided into different classes: the top was Aristocrats, who owned large estates, the middle class was small farmers, and the lowest class was the thetes , urban craftsmen, and trireme rowers. Metics , they were people who came from outside the city. They were not allowed to own land, but they could run industries and businesses. Slaves were the lowest class. They had no rights, and they were viewed as property, but they were not treated as harshly as most in other Greek cities..

Sparta. Ancient Sparta was a large polis and it was a major rival to Ancient Athens. Ancient Sparta waas located in present-day region of southern Greece called Laconia. Again, there are always these different groups that makeup society: men, women, and children. The population of Sparta consisted of three main groups: the Spartans, or Spartiates , the Perioeci , and the Helots, or serfs/slaves..

Spartan Hierarchy. The population of Sparta consisted of three main groups: the Spartans, or Spartiates , the Perioeci , and the Helots, or serfs/slaves. Spartiates are military professionals who lived mostly in barracks and who owned land farmed by serfs; they could serve in the army and vote. Perioeci , who are freeman, are made up of the artisans, craftsmen, merchants; they could not vote or serve in the army. Helots are serfs descended from those peoples who resisted Sparta , and constantly rebelled; they were treated like slaves and had to give ½ of their produce to citizens who owned land..

Ancient Greek Governments. Athens Athens was one of the most important and powerful cities in Ancient Greece. It was also the first of the Greek city states fully to develop democracy..

Sparta Sparta was an Oligarchy lead by two kings, of the Agaidai and Eurypontidai family. The kings had the power to start wars although they were able to rule over Sparta, but there was a check and balance system, the Council of Elders kept the Kings in check. The source of power was their military. Spartan citizens have more rights than other city-states in Greece..

Athenian Male Rights. Only male citizens in Athens could vote on all the decisions that affected the city, and they were the only ones allowed to serve on juries. Ancient Greek men were the head of their households. It was the job of the man to take care of your family, provide for your family, make all the decisions for your household, and have all the authority of the house. Men were allowed to entertain and socialize outside of the home, and encouraged to venture out, engage in, and host public events, such as The Olympics, which was created in Athens..

Athenian Female Rights. Athenian Females were not allowed to participate in any type of political event, and they were not allowed to voice their opinions on political matters. Women had to get permission from their father or husband to go anywhere. They were not allowed at any social event for males, and if it was a social event that allowed females they had to have a chaperone. Women were allowed their right to a game, The Heraean Games, which was the women's equalivant to The Olympics..

Spartan Male Rights. Men have to be soldiers and have to start training when they are seven years old and assemblies are only made up of male members..

Spartan Female Rights. Spartan women are expected to be strong and ready to fight just as men are, so they learn physical training their entire life. A Spartan woman has to look after her husband's land while he is away at war, and they are even allowed to purchase land themselves. Women have the right to talk to her husband's friends and can speak in public with men. They can marry again if their husband has been away for a long time at war. They do not have any rights concerned with political matters, but they do have more rights than most in Ancient Greece..

Survival was very difficult for infants. Babies were not given a name until they were between 7 – 10 days old because the parents were afraid of their child dying. If an infant had any imperfection or disability, they were often killed or abandoned..

Athenian Children. Athenian Male Children Male kids in Ancient Athens learned from their mother until the age of 6. From the age of 6-14, males attend a school and get a formal academic education and years of physical training..

Spartan Infants. Survival was also very difficult for the infants of Spartans. Both female and male infants were tested at birth for signs of weakness..

Spartan Children. Spartan Male Children Male children would be raised by parents until the age of seven. They did not care about a formal education; they preferred to train soldiers. After the age of 7, they would be sent to the barracks and begin military training..

Athenian Men. They quit education after the age of 14 and are expected to act like adults. They can choose to learn a trade from their father, become an apprentice to another trade, or join the militia and choose to begin training and service. As adult Athenian man, they are expected to marry young and beautiful women to produce strong and beautiful children..

Athenian Women. Athenian women are taught at a young age their role in society is to be an obedient housewife. They learn how to do all the house duties instead of any type of education. The women would be married in an arranged marriage by their family, and most of the time a woman would be married off to a much older man..

Spartan Men. After Spartan men go to the barracks at the age of seven and begin military training, they continue their training until they are placed where they are needed in the Spartan Militia. The men were forced to continual physical, and violent competitions. They were given meager rations and expected to become skilled at stealing food, among other survival skills. Spartan men who did not marry were publicly shamed, while those who fathered multiple sons could be rewarded..

Spartan Women. After training all their younger years to stay fit and active, the main role was to take care of the family while the man is at war or training. Female Spartans often were supposed to attract mates. They would participate in Hereia festival in honor of Hera. Festival would consist of varied athletic events. Females engaged in athletic competitions, including javelin-throwing and wrestling, and also sang and danced competitively..

Important Athenian & Spartian Leaders In Government.

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Perciles. Perciles served from 494 BC-429 BC as a renowned Greek statesman and Athenian General. As ruler, he would encourage the arts, philosophy, literature, and freedom of expression. The citizens under his rule were allowed to express themselves and Athens became the place for creative freedoms..

Solon. Solon was a poet, politician, and the founder of democratic government in Greece. He first brought democratic rights to the common citizens of Athens. He also made a big impact by ending slavery and the mistreatment of the common people..

Leonidas, King of Sparta. Leonidas 1080P 2K 4K 5K HD wallpapers free download.

Agis III. Agis III was most notable as a leader for trying to defy Alexander The Great. He tried creating a large Anti-Macedonian military coalition to liberate the Greek City-States from under his rule. Unlike many others, his attempt did not fail, and he became the leader of a large military coalition, which contained 22,000 Spartans and Allies. He is known for his bravery for attempting to do something no one else had succeded doing..

Brasidas. Brasidas was the central figure of the Archidamian War, who through strength, discipline and initiative, turned the tide of the war in favor of Sparta. His greatest military achievement was the saving of the city of Methone from an Athenian Invasion, and the Spartian people praised and honored him for his conquest..

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