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Basic Structures of the Eye. Diagram, schematic Description automatically generated. 

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Diagram, schematic

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Diagram Description automatically generated. Cornea. 

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Diagram

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The  cornea is the transparent part of the eye that covers the front portion of the eye. It covers the pupil , iris , and anterior chamber .It helps to shield the rest of the eye from germs, dust, and other harmful matter.  The cornea’s main function is to refract, or bend, light. The cornea is responsible for focusing most of the light that enters the eye.

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Although  it is very thin and transparent, the cornea is made up of five separate tissue layers: Epithelium : These cells produce a thin, glistening “skin” layer on the outer cornea. Bowman’s layer : Also called Bowman’s membrane, this thin tissue layer is made up of collagen cells that provide structure to the cornea. Stroma : The thickest layer of the cornea, the stroma is composed of collagen cells. Descemet’s membrane : This very thin layer of cells provides some elasticity to the cornea's structure. Endothelium : A single layer of cells on the innermost part of the cornea, the endothelium maintains the cornea’s crystal clearness.

Cornea injury. Diagram, schematic Description automatically generated. 

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Close-up of a person&#39;s eye

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The cornea copes very well with minor injuries or abrasions. If the highly sensitive cornea is scratched, healthy cells slide over quickly and patch the injury before infection occurs and vision is affected.  If the scratch penetrates the cornea more deeply, however, the healing process will take longer, at times resulting in greater pain, blurred vision, tearing, redness, and extreme sensitivity to light. These symptoms require professional treatment. Deeper scratches can also cause corneal scarring, resulting in a haze on the cornea that can greatly impair vision. In this case, a corneal transplant may be needed.

Sclera. Diagram, schematic Description automatically generated. 

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A picture containing person, indoor, close, eyes

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Iris. A picture containing music Description automatically generated. 

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It is present behind the cornea and above the eye lens.  The iris is a strongly pigmented structure that determines eye color. The most vital pigment that contributes to the iris color is melanin.  It controls the size and diameter of the pupil and thus regulates the amount of light entering the eye.

[Audio] There are two types of iris muscles that control the size of the pupil. They are:
Circular sphincter pupillae – constricts pupil on contraction
Radial dilator pupillae – dilates pupil on contraction The colour of the pupil becomes pale yellow when the lens becomes opaque or cloudy in case of cataract.. 

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The pupil is a tiny black hole present over the lens through which light enters the eye and focuses on the retina for image formation.  The pupillary light reflex  controls the diameter of the pupil and controls the light intensity entering the pupil. It responds to the light striking ganglion cells present in the retina at the posterior part of the eye. The pupil dilates in dim light and constricts under bright light. This way it protects the lens and retina from damage from high light intensity and also allows us to see clearly under dim conditions.

Lens. The lens is a clear, curved disk that sits behind the iris and in front of the vitreous of the eye. It allows the eye to focus on objects at varying distances by changing its shape . The primary function of the lens is to bend and focus light to create a sharp image. To do that, the lens uses the help of ciliary muscles to stretch and thin out(relax) when focusing on distant objects, or to shrink and thicken (contract) when focusing on near objects.. 

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The lens is a clear, curved disk that sits behind the iris and in front of the vitreous of the eye. It allows the eye to focus on objects at varying distances by changing its shape .  The primary function of the lens is to bend and focus light to create a sharp image. To do that, the lens uses the help of ciliary muscles to stretch and thin out(relax) when focusing on distant objects, or to shrink and thicken (contract) when focusing on near objects.

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Retina. Diagram Description automatically generated. 

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Retinal Detachment. Diagram Description automatically generated. 

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Eye Muscles. There are six eye muscles that control eye movement. One muscle moves the eye to the right, and one muscle moves the eye to the left. The other four muscles move the eye up, down, and at an angle.. 

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There are six eye muscles that control eye movement.  One muscle moves the eye to the right, and one muscle moves the eye to the left. The other four muscles move the eye up, down, and at an angle.

Anatomy of the EYE

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There are two types of iris muscles that control the size of the pupil.

Circular sphincter pupillae – constricts pupil on contraction

Radial dilator pupillae – dilates pupil on contraction

The colour of the pupil becomes pale yellow when the lens becomes opaque or cloudy in case of cataract.

Anatomy of the EYE

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