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The earliest pioneers of facial recognition were Woody Bledsoe, Helen Chan Wolf and Charles Bisson. In 1964 and 1965, Bledsoe, along with Wolf and Bisson began work using computers to recognize the human face. Due to the funding of the project originating from an unnamed intelligence agency, much of their work was never published. However, it was later revealed that their initial work involved the manual marking of various “landmarks” on the face such as eye centers, mouth etc. These were then mathematically rotated by a computer to compensate for pose variation. It wasn’t until the late 1980s that we saw further progress with the development of Facial Recognition software as a viable biometric for businesses. In 1988, Sirovich and Kirby began applying linear algebra to the problem of facial recognition.

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Apple announced Face ID during the unveiling of the iPhone X on September 12, 2017. The system was presented as the successor to Touch ID, Apple's previous fingerprint-based authentication technology embedded in the home button of the iPhone 8 and earlier devices in addition to the second-generation iPhone SE. On September 12, 2018, Apple introduced the iPhone XS and XR with faster neural network processing speeds, providing a significant speed increase to Face ID. On October 30, 2018, Apple introduced the third generation iPad Pro, which brings Face ID to the iPad and allows face recognition in any orientation. iOS 13 included an upgraded version of Face ID which is up to 30% faster than Face ID on previous versions.

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Face ID's technology is based on PrimeSense's previous work with low-cost infrared depth perception that was the basis of the Kinect motion sensor for the Xbox console line from Microsoft; Apple had acquired PrimeSense in 2013 after Microsoft started to wane on the use of Kinect. Face ID is based on a facial recognition sensor that consists of two parts: a dot projector module that projects more than 30,000 infrared dots onto the user's face, and an infrared camera module that reads the pattern. The pattern is encrypted and sent to a local "Secure Enclave" in the device's CPU to confirm a match with the registered face. The stored facial data is a mathematical representation of key details of the face, and it is inaccessible to Apple or other parties. To avoid involuntary authentication, the system requires the user to open their eyes and look at the device to attempt a match, although this can be disabled through an accessibility setting.

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Once you set up your facial ID it then stores it and you could use your face ID to unlock your phone this is 30% faster that a fingerprint scanner which was used on previous IOS devices so it's safe to say that this face ID is time consuming. Easy to set up takes around 1-2 minutes to set up following the instructions.

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I also have a twin brother and I tried unlocking his apple device via face ID and I was able to unlock his phone with my facial. I then tried a second time wearing a pair of goggles and I was still able to access his phone via face ID. Apple claimed the probability of someone else unlocking a phone with Face ID is 1 in 1,000,000 as opposed to Touch ID at 1 in 50,000.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_ID#History https://www.nec.co.nz/market-leadership/publications-media/a-brief-history-of-facial-recognition/ https://mashable.com/article/irrational-fear-apple-face-id-privacy

IOS Face ID

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 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_ID#History https://www.nec.co.nz/market-leadership/publications-media/a-brief-history-of-facial-recognition/ https://mashable.com/article/irrational-fear-apple-face-id-privacy

IOS Face ID

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