GENE EXPRESSION STUDY OF CANCER STEMNESS MARKERS IN OVARIAN CARCINOMA

[Virtual Presenter] Welcome everyone, We're excited to share with you an overview of our company's services, products, and philosophies and how we can help your business succeed. Let's get to it!.

Introduction.

[Audio] HGSOC stands for High Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma and it is the most malignant form of ovarian cancer, accounting for approximately 70% of all cases. An abnormality in the BRCA1/2 genes is believed to be the cause of the epithelial ovarian cancer. TP53 is another gene that is commonly mutated in cases of HGSOC. In India, it is the third most common form of cancer among women and is responsible for 3.44% of all cancer cases. It is also the leading cause of death from cancer for Indian women, comprising 3.34% of all cancer deaths in the same year..

4. Objectives.

[Audio] We examined the survival rates of High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (HGSOC) and Low Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (LGSOC) patients by analyzing gene expression of stemness markers. Additionally, we looked at the expression of different stemness markers in HGSOC based on stages and grades using the University of Toronto's UALCAN database. Our research may help to gain a better understanding of the biological differences between HGSOC and LGSOC..

[Audio] p53 tumor suppressor protein plays a crucial role in combating cancer. It is responsible for controlling cell cycle and initiating apoptosis as well as being a major deterrent to cancer origination and advancement. Generally, it is expressed at a low level and quickly degraded through ubiquitination by proteasomal activity. Also, it binds to the MDM2-MDMX complex. Knowing these features is critical for recognizing p53’s part in preventing cancer..

[Audio] Radiation, drug treatments and industrial toxins can all disrupt the balance of the tumor suppressor protein P53, found in all cells. When in a normal or unstressed state, P53 is able to maintain levels by binding to MDM2-MDMX complex sites and transactivate p21 expression and pro-apoptotic proteins like Bax and PUMA. This helps to promote senescence and/or apoptosis, ultimately protecting the cell from damage. In a mutated condition, however, P53 levels can be disrupted and the cell can be damaged or even destroyed. Fortunately, understanding the role of P53 in this process can help us to better identify, prevent and treat radiation damage and other cell stressors..

[Audio] ALDH1A1 is a key component in cancer stem-cell detection and is essential for the prognosis of patients. Studies have shown that higher levels of ALDH1A1 correlate with poorer prognosis. Beyond being a detection marker, ALDH1A1 also serves to protect cancer stem cells from cytotoxic drugs and to detoxify them..

[Audio] CD44 is a single-chain, single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein located on the surface of cells and is known for being a major adhesion molecule for the extracellular matrix. It specialized in binding to hyaluronan, an extracellular glycosaminoglycan. CD44 is also associated with cancer stem cells, which are thought to be more prone to metastasis. Because of this, CD44 may play an influential role in the spread of cancer and further research into its effects on metastasis could provide new understandings for improving cancer treatments..

[Audio] MYC is an essential factor in tumorigenesis due to its ability to counteract multiple tumor-suppressing mechanisms. It is a proto oncogene and one of the Yamanaka factors, and these properties allow it to significantly impact the signaling pathways of cancer, including WNT, NOTCH and many others. MYC also affects cancer stem cells, rendering it a significant component of tumor initiation and maintenance. The role of MYC in tumorigenesis is vast and should not be underestimated..

11. Plan of work.

[Audio] The slide illustrates the gene expression of stem cell markers in High Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma (HGSOC) and Low Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma (LGSOC) patient samples, which was assessed by UALCAN data mining. RNA isolation from five patient samples was performed to create cDNA to analyze the expression of stem markers such as ALDH1A1, CD44, c-MYC..

Results.

[Audio] Our Plog-rank of 0.017 indicates that the company has a favorable ranking among its peers. Furthermore, the number of high and low gross social connections, which is 10 each, suggests that we are well connected and active in our industry..

[Audio] The primary ovarian tumor and its cancer stemness are presented in this slide. Cancer stem cells are recognized by their characteristics like self-renewal and multi-differentiation, in addition to their capacity to develop tumors, metastasize, and withstand therapies. Other notable features of cancer stem cells are spheroid formation and colonization. Notch 1, Nanog, c-Myc, STAT3, CD44, CD117, ALDH, intravasation, circulation, and extravasation are a few of the known markers of cancer stem cells. Lastly, ErbB3, Neuregulin-I, and EGFL6 are believed to have a role in tumorigenic processes..

ΔCT for each gene. Differential expression of stem markers among HGSOC tumor and adjacent normal patient samples.

ΔCT for each gene. Differential expression of stem markers among LGSOC tumor and normal patient samples.

HGSOC and LGSOC fold change. Fold change of stem markers among HGSOC and LGSOC patients samples.

HGSOC proportional 90% p53 Mutation.

[Audio] An analysis of expression of key genes, ALDHIAI, CD44, and MYC, in ovarian cancer patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was conducted. Expression of the genes in the ovarian cancer samples was analyzed based on individual cancer stages (stage I, II, III, IV) and tumor grade (grade I, II, III, IV). Data from the analysis revealed variability in the expression of genes across different stages and grades of ovarian cancer. This variation has implications for treatment decisions and further studies of the disease..

conclusion.

Future plan.

Thank you. 25.