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Assignment 2A:  Case Study Presentation Sustainable development  and World Heritage Site

Group 12 Nguyen Le Tra My - s3765419 Tran Viet Linh Dan - s3818398 Vu Thi Thu Thao - s3812652

BUSM4567 - Ecotourism & Sustainable Hospitality Management

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Geographical location of case Type of tourism activity  Relevant stakeholders The author’s intention

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The historical quarter surrounding Mosque-Cathedral (1994)

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Beach tourism   with numerous popular beaches such as  Balneario  Playas de Oro, Playa de Santa Rosa de  Calamuchita . etc. Cultural tourism   with multiple World Heritage sites.

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To  enhance tourists’ awareness   who visits a World Heritage Site To  analyse  the relationship  between World Heritage site and cultural tourism To  investigate the socio-demographic profile  of the tourists visiting Cordoba, as well as the factors that mainly impact their satisfaction and their classification to manage these destinations in a sustainable way

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The development of tourism objects could bring benefit for not only the  environmental  and  economical value  but also the  community empowerment   of the locals around Cordoba tourism objects.. The satisfaction level of tourists  can be raised by tourists’ organizers, subsequently, the volume of visitors will also increase in a sustainable way Other researchers in the industry can make use of the accurate  survey instrument  as well as the  data compilation  and  data analysis.

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Methodology Main area of interest Principal conclusions

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Quantitative research Inferential statistics (regression)

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Relationship and classification between tourism and heritage

Socio-demographic profile of the tourists

Demand of tourist: Accommodation quality, cleanliness, citizen welfare, and gastronomy Services provided by the public authorities, local community ( Abuamoud et al. 2014)

Improvements in destination maintenance, as well as the preservation of architectural heritage, are implied.

Tourist's profile:  high education, university studies ( Saipradist  and  Staiff , 2008,  Correia et al., 2013 ,  Remoaldo et al., 2014 )

Demonstrates a high level of satisfaction with the places visited (Breakey, 2012)

Heritage tourism does not refer to someone who visits historical or cultural sites  (Nguyen & Cheung, 2014) Triple focus with respect to heritage tourists:  visit places with heritage attributes, aware of the heritage attributes, motivated by the heritage attributes ( Poria , Reichel, and  Biran  2006) Heritage tourism consists of  natural, cultural, urban activities  (Nguyen & Cheung 2014) Four factors related to heritage tourism : history and culture, facilities and services at heritage sites, heritage interpretation and heritage attractions ( Vong  and Ung 2012) The recognition of UNESCO  has strong impact on heritage site protection and tourists attraction ( Poria , Reichel, & Cohen 2013) Analysis of heritage tourisms provided by two channels  ( Timothy and Boyd 2003) : simple presence of the visitors in sites ( Saipradist  &  Staiff  2008), perceptions that the visitors feel in these places ( Poria  et al 2006)

Reinforce definition of the World Heritage Site and explain cross-cultural attitudes toward the listing

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The number of visitors   could be managed

Age <30 >40 30-39 Accommodation x hotels hotels or apartment Overnight stay x 2 nights in city at least 3 nights Travel method  with friends group tourists intermediaries managed personally

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Emphasize the importance of preserving the WHS for future generation

Understanding the needs of customers through research compatible with the sustainable management

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Positive assessment Limitation Possible suggestions for further research

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- To minimize primary data errors,  field experiments   are conducted and compared to data from literature review ( Herawati  et al. 2016) - A  solid basis   for  recommendation  can be provided by scoring analysis and descriptive analysis

- The purpose of the study is  clearly stated   in the  abstract -  Well-organized   with clear headings and section divisions - Figures and data are formatted correctly - Sufficient references

-  Stakeholders   are mentioned in a relevant and reasonable manner

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Limitation and suggestion for further research

- Surveys were conducted in a short period of time (April to June) - Some of the  references  were  not up to date  with the research -  TBL   theories is  not considered   along research - The provision of  definition  and the evaluation of the  importance  of  sustainable tourism  in WHS is  not enough - Researchers’   recommendations  are  not clear/not mentioned

-   Potential negative impacts  and how might they influence the  society  or the  environment  of generating tourism activities in Cordoba. -  Possible specific recommendations   should be drawn

In each case, the behavior model of tourists visiting these locations is unique ( Poria  et al. 2016). => Carrying out similar research in other towns designated as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in order to uncover common treats and distinguishing characteristics among visitors. =>  Go deeper into the research of heritage tourism

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Becoming an  UNESCO partner   and joining in conservation activities, world heritage promotion, etc. Trainings  such as natural resource management, biodiversity conservation, etc. Restoring  facilities   and   improving   services  at heritage sites to increase customers’ satisfaction.  Strengthening  regulations  to manage and preserve the original value of the destination.  Managing   the number of visitors  in destination by linking with travel units (tour packages) to ensure the educational level of tourists.

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- Tourism contributed directly to 8% of Vietnam's GDP in 2017 (The World Bank 2019) - A wealth of indigenous cultural values can be found all across the country: 40,000 tangible and 60,000 intangible heritages  => Holds huge potential for heritage tourism - There is still a lack of local community participation and tourism management

Data collection:   primary + secondary research Strategy recommend:   local authorities, tourism firm and communities corporation, infrastructure investment, training/educational programs, etc. Special consideration:   application of TBL theory in researches

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Ha Long Bay UNESCO recognised Ha Long Bay as  Natural World Heritage Site  in 1994 Attracting both  domestic and international  tourists by heritage tourisms  Outstanding values of  geology and geomorphology   ( Tran and Waltham 2001 ) To protect the natural integrity of HLB, the IUCN developed the Ha Long-Cat Ba Alliance (HLCBA), a three-year initiative sponsored by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) that aims to foster collaboration among the Vietnamese government, companies, and civil society.

Utilize heritage tourism to raise awareness of the importance of Ha Long Bay while also protecting the ecology of heritage sites.

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Abuamod , I.N,  Libbin , J, Green, J, &  ALRousan , R 2014, 'Factors affecting the willingness of tourists to visit cultural heritage sites in Jordan',  Journal of Heritage Tourism , vol. 9,no.2, pp. 148-165. Breaky N.M, 2012, ‘Studying World Heritage Visitors: The Case of the Remote Riversleigh Fossil Site',  Visitor Studies , vol. 15, no.1, pp. 82-97. Correia, A, Kozak, M,  Ferradeira , J 2013, ‘From tourist motivations to tourist satisfaction’,  International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research,  vol. 7, issue. 4, pp. 411-424, viewed 12 May 2021, ProQuest Central Database. Herawati , L, Faizal,  M,  Ansiska , P,  Lestyaningrum , R & Zulia, Z 2016, ‘The Strategy for Ecotourism Development in Plantation Area: A Case Study from  Kalibendo  Plantation,  Banyuwangi  East Java’,  Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Development Studies,  Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 31-36.  Nguyen, T.H.H. & Cheung, C 2014, 'The classification of heritage tourists: a case of Hue City, Vietnam',  Journal of Heritage tourism , vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 35-50. Poria , Y, Reichel, A & Brian, A 2006, 'Heritage site management: Motivations and Expectations',  Annals of Tourism Research , vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 162-178 Poria  Y, Reichel, A & Cohen, R 2013, 'Tourists perceptions of World Heritage Site and its designation',   Tourism Management , vol. 35,  pp. 272-274. Remoaldo , P.C,  Vareiro , L, Ribeiro, J.C., & Santos, J.F. 2014, ‘Does Gender Affect Visiting a World Heritage Site',  Visitor Studies , vol. 17, no.1, pp. 89-106. Santa-Cruz, F.G. & López-Guzmán, T 2017, ‘Culture, tourism and World Heritage Sites’,  Tourism Management Perspectives,  vol. 24, pp. 111-116.

Saipradist , A &  Staiff , R 2008, 'Crossing the Cultural Divide: Western Visitors and Interpretation at Ayutthaya World Heritage Site, Thailand', J ournal of Heritage Tourism , vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 211-224. The World Bank 2019,  Recent Economic Developments of Vietnam , industry report, Taking Stock, viewed 13 May 2021, < http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/pt/821801561652657954/pdf/Taking-Stock-Recent-Economic-Developments-of-Vietnam-Special-Focus-Vietnams-Tourism-Developments-Stepping-Back-from-the-Tipping-Point-Vietnams-Tourism-Trends-Challenges-and-Policy-Priorities.pd >. Timothy, D.J. & Boyd S.W 2002, ‘Heritage Tourism in the 21st Century: Valued Traditions and New Perspectives’,  Journal of Heritage Tourism,  vol.1, no. 1, pp. 1-16. Tran, T & Waltham, T 2001, ‘The outstanding value of the geology of Ha Long Bay’,  Advance in Natural Sciences,  vol.2, pp.89-98. VNA 2017, 'Viet Nam explores cultural-religious heritage tourism',  Vietnam National Administration of Tourism , 6 August, viewed 13 May 2021, < https://vietnamtourism.gov.vn/english/index.php/items/11846 >. Vong , L.T. & Ung, A 2011, 'Exploring Critical Factors of Macau's Heritage Tourism: What Heritage Tourists are Looking for when Visiting the City's Iconic Heritage Sites',  Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research , vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 231-245.

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