Which of the following parameters is associated with worse outcomes in acute decompensated heart failure?

[Audio] Which of the following parameters is associated with worse outcomes in acute decompensated heart failure? Parameters associated with worse outcomes in ADHF: 1. Blood urea nitrogen ( BUN) level > 43 mg/dL 2. Systolic blood pressure < 115 mmHg 3. Serum creatinine level > 2.75 mg/dL 4. Elevated troponin I level.

[Audio] What is the mechanism of action of inotropic agents or " inotropes"? Inotropic agents (" Inotropes") - increase intracellular concentration of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP), resulting to an increase in cytoplasmic calcium, thereby increasing cardiac contractility.

[Audio] What is the most probable diagnosis in a patient who has exertional dyspnea, RV heave, prominent or "giant" v waves, bipedal edema and hepatomegaly? Cor Pulmonale.

[Audio] What is the initial treatment strategy of HFrEF? Initial clinical strategy should be to use a two-drug combination first ( ACEI and beta-blocker; if ACEI intolerant, then ARB and beta-blocker), or recently, ARNI and beta- blockerIf indicated, shift to a three-drug combination, with an addition of an MRANot indicated to combine ACEIs and ARBs due to increase in adverse events without any added incremental benefit.

[Audio] The risk of sudden cardiac death or progressive pump failure–related death is highest in which of the following conditions? Frequent episodes of decompensation and recurrent hospitalizations risk of sudden cardiac death or progressive pump failure–related death is highest in: 1) patient is markedly symptomatic even at rest, not on exertion 2) Refractoriness and inability to tolerate IV diuretics 3) Hyponatremia.

[Audio] Which among these heart failure medications is useful in preventing tachycardia? Beta blockers suppresses the sympathetic pathway thereby reducing the heart rate.