Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 1:46:07 PM. Virgin Ghosts of Korea. 

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Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 1:46:07 PM

Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 1:55:40 PM. Virgin ghosts of Asia. 

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China, Taiwan, Korea, and Okinawa (Previously the Kingdom of Ryukyu)  Not in Japan Coincide with the spread of Confucianism Both men and women who died prematurely before getting married The concept of the virgin ghosts   the concept of the posthumous marriages The rituals for the virgin ghosts  mostly by non-Confucian ( Taoist, shamanic, or Buddhist ) ritual experts

Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 1:55:40 PM

Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 2:05:01 PM. Virgin ghosts of Korea. 

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Ghosts of Korea in folklore Mulgwoe  :  a spiritual creature attached to an object where it had existed for a long time  Yogwoe  :  various magical non-human monsters, which are transformed from animals  In’gui  :  apparitions of the dead. Must go through biological death   Virgin ghosts, ancestral spirits, etc.  Virgin ghosts of Korea  Included young men and women who died of natural causes or accidents  Fail to cross over from the world of the living due to his/her despair over the lost opportunity to ever live the life of a married one  Female virgin ghosts   the scariest and more common

Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 2:05:01 PM

Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 2:08:24 PM. Male Virgin ghosts of Korea. 

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Male virgin ghosts:  ch’onggak   kuishin   (male virgin ghost)  vengeful and dangerous due to their sadness and regret over dying before marriage  Wander around mountain paths and cause illness to passersby  samt’ae   gui (shin),  mongdal   gui (shin),  wadal   gui ,  tangdal   gui ,  mongdal   honsin , or  hŏgui   wŏnsin   Victims: family members or random strangers

Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 2:08:24 PM

Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 2:15:18 PM. Female virgin ghosts of Korea. 

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Female virgin ghosts:  ch’ŏnyo ̆  kuishin   (female virgin ghost)  kaksi   gui ,  son’gakssi ,  golmi   guisin ,  pusa   gui ,  maengdo   nawŏnsin ,  sonyo ̆  gui ,  wangsin ,  hon’gakssi ,  talgyal   guishin , and, like male virgin ghosts,  mongdal   gui .  much more frightening, more dangerous, and more vengeful than their male virgin ghosts considered to be evil since they are the sources of troubles and disharmony in their families  caused random misfortune or troubles mostly in their own families, rather than attacking strangers  should either be exorcised or placated  Villagers avoided going out at night on the day when an unmarried girl died in the village  most nationwide shrines and relics are more related to female virgin ghosts rather than their male counterparts

Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 2:15:18 PM

Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 2:43:35 PM. The origin of the (female) virgin ghosts of Korea. 

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The origin of the (female) virgin ghosts of Korea

China : the same theorization and understanding of the transformation of women, former human beings, into ghosts  young woman’s unwed death  ample cause of resentment   took unfulfilled sexual desires to the grave   obstruction of her from normal processes of change by causing static congestion Direct origin The literary genres of  zhiguai   (accounts of the strange) and  chuanqi   (tales of the marvellous)  Adopted from China in approximately the ninth century  the  Ch’oi  Ch’i-wŏn   chŏn  (A Story of Ch’oi  Ch’i -  wŏn’s  Life)  in the  Suichŏn  (Tales of Remarkably Strange Things ), a literary anthology

Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 2:43:35 PM

Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 2:51:05 PM. Transformation of the virgin ghosts in Korea. 

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Transformation of the virgin ghosts in Korea

Celestial beauty died before her marriage  Almost the same as the typical virgin ghosts in the literature of China Love stories with a young man  The Tale of Ch’oi  Ch’i-wŏn’s  Life In search of a listener for her untold or unheard stories Chŏn’gi   novels of the fifteenth-century Chosǒn Korea  Korean adaptations of  chuanqi   The romantic relationship between a living man and a female ghost   “Hypersexual,” “hyperfeminine”, and highly seductive female characters Yadam  from the 15 th  and 16 th  centuries Male and female ghosts exorcised by officials or yangban men,  Female ghosts mesmerizing or cursing yangban men

Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 2:51:05 PM

Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 2:55:28 PM. The Image of Virgin ghost of Early Chosǒn adopted from China (From Hong Kong movie, A Chinese Ghost Story ). 

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The Image of Virgin ghost of Early Chosǒn adopted from China (From Hong Kong movie,  A Chinese Ghost Story )

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Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 2:55:28 PM

Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 2:58:57 PM. Transformation of the ghosts in Korea. 

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Differentiated gender of ghosts in Korea (17 th  century onward) Getting more different from ghosts in China Disappearance of the unearthly dead beauty from literature  Gendered ghosts Benevolent spirits of MALE ancestors  Commonly return to their descendants in order To scold them over their improper practice of Confucian rituals and disturbance of the patriarchal principle To assist them to overcome difficulties in their lives.  Vengeful spirits of FEMALE virgins

Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 2:58:57 PM

Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 9:10:47 PM. Two categories of female virgin ghosts in the the literature and folktales. 

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Two  categories of female virgin ghosts in the  the literature and folktales

The  Arang  type  (The  Arangchŏn   [ A Tale of  Arang ]) A daughter of a magistrate of the  Miryang  area in  Kyŏngsang  Province  Death by a man who secretly loved her, during his attempt to rape her Horrendous ghostly appearance as proof and a vivid illustration of the gruesome way she died

Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 9:10:47 PM

Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 9:20:48 PM. Two categories of female virgin ghosts in the the literature and folktales. 

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The  Changhwa  type (The  Changhwa   Hongryŏn   chŏn   ( Tale of  Changhwa  and  Hongryŏn ) The victims of honor killing Changhwa  was falsely accused by her stepmother of having had a miscarriage   was drowned in a pond without the chance to protest her innocence  Hongryŏn   committed suicide in the same pond to follow her sister  sex crimes victims who either were killed or committed suicide due to circulation of rumours accusing them of losing their sexual purity.  some men manipulated the moral perils that women were facing for their sexual desires

Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 9:20:48 PM

Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 9:27:32 PM. Increase of sex crimes from the 17 th century. 

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Increase of sex crimes from the 17 th  century

Women were the major victims of suicides caused by sex crimes  Rapes  Murder Revenge of rape attempts Slanderous remarks concerning the victims’ chastity   death by gossip Women’s suicide rates were double those of their male counterparts in the eighteenth century  Suicides related to chastity issues occurred only among women and among all social classes

Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 9:27:32 PM

Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 9:33:56 PM. Why are the dead women returned?. 

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Confucianism only permitted those who had died “properly” to become ancestral spirits  “Proper” death : an individual dies at home surrounded by his or her descendants after completing all the rites of passage in life from initiation to marriage  Those who died before marriage were disqualified from being ancestors The proper rituals for the unwed women  Implemented by non-Confucian rituals when they were believed to cause troubles in the family unmarried women (dead or alive) theoretically could not exist  a daughter was considered to belong to her natal family only temporarily, and her social membership was to be transferred to her husband’s family through marriage  The practice of  Posthumous marriage

Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 9:33:56 PM

Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 9:40:20 PM. Posthumous marriage. 

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The practice of  Posthumous marriage overlaps with the distribution of the concept of female virgin ghosts in East Asia  Their various forms are related much more with unmarried female dead than their male counterparts  The common goal:  transforming both groom and bride from virgin ghosts into ancestral spirits by offering them a qualification to receive ancestral rituals through posthumous adoption  the bride’s family    could ease their guilt and burden by transferring her affiliation to her husband’s lineage and erase her existence completely from the natal family

Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 9:40:20 PM

Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 10:09:16 PM. Modern transformation of virgin ghosts in Korea. 

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Modern transformation of virgin ghosts in Korea

Chosǒn period (14 th -19 th  centuries)    Orally transmitted  Otherworldly beauty    various appearances (17 th  century onwards) Some wore white clothes (with or without blood splatters in order to demonstrate the sinister moments and atrocities of their deaths)  Others wore colourful clothes (mainly a green upper dress and a red skirt)  Some of them still had daggers or knives thrust in their body parts (as evidence that they were murdered) Others appeared either with neatly combed or disheveled long black hair  some of them were even invisible and appeared only as disembodied voices  During the Japanese colonial period (1920-1945) the standardized appearance of Korean female ghosts  a pale face running with blood and disheveled long black hair in white clothes full of blood spatters

Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 10:09:16 PM

Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 10:12:02 PM. Modern transformation of virgin ghosts in Korea. 

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After the liberation (1945- present) Gorier and more grotesque appearances with the development of technologies and expansion of visual media such as cinematography or illustrations  the pattern was finally fully evolved in the 1960s  female ghosts has recently been replaced with ghosts of high school girls in school uniforms  (1990s-present)

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Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 10:12:02 PM

Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 10:14:08 PM. A picture containing shirt, room Description automatically generated. 

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A picture containing shirt, room

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Audio Recording Mar 29, 2022 at 10:14:08 PM

Virgin Ghosts of Korea

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