Name: AGRICULTURE
Uploaded: 2022-03-07
Duration: 10 min 18 s
Description: Banasthali Vidyapith. B.Ed. Il Semester, April 2021-22.

Banasthali Vidyapith. B.Ed. Il Semester, April 2021-22. 

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Paper : EDU 481L: Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge

INTRODUCTION. What is Agriculture?. A. The science and art of cultivation on the soil, raising crops and rearing. 

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PRIMARY SECTOR SECONDARY SECTOR TERTIARY SECTOR  Connected with extraction and production of natural resources Concerned with the processing of the natural resources Provide support to the Primary and Secondary   sectors through services. Agriculture, fishing, mining, lumbering etc Manufacturing  of steel, weaving of cloth etc Transport, trade, banking,  insurance and advertising.

A. The science and art of cultivation on the soil, raising crops and rearing

livestock. The transformation from a plant to a finished product involving three

types of economic activities- primary, secondary and tertiary activities.

TYPES OF FARMING. SUBSISTENCE FARMING. COMMERCIAL FARMING. 

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Agriculture is an age-old economic activity in our country.

Over these years, cultivation methods have changed significantly depending upon the characteristics of physical environment, technological know-how and socio-cultural practices.

Farming varies from subsistence to commercial type.

At present, in different parts of India, the following farming systems are practised.

SUBSISTENCE FARMING. Practised to meet the needs of the farmer’s family. Nothing is left for sale.. 

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Practised to meet the needs of the farmer’s family. Nothing is left for sale.

Traditionally, low levels of technology and household labour are used

INTENSIVE SUBSISTENCE FARMING. Small plot of land, simple tools and more labour. 

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Small plot of land, simple tools and more labour

Practise intensive methods of cultivation, like using manure and artificial irrigation and better quality seeds to get maximum yield from the land.

Longer days of sunshine and fertile soils - more than one crop annually on the same plot

Crops-  Rice, wheat, maize, pulses and Oilseeds

MAP SHOWING AREAS OF INTENSIVE SUBSISTENCE FARMING

PRIMITIVE SUBSISTENCE FARMING. Practised to meet the needs of the farmer’s family on a small patch of land. 

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Practised to meet the needs of the farmer’s family on a small patch of land

Traditionally, low levels of technology and large amount of household labour are used

suitability  of other environmental conditions to the crops

Primitive tools-  hoe,  Dao and digging sticks

‘SLASH AND BURN’ AGRICULTURE. a) Practised in the North-east India mainly.. 

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a) Practised in the North-east India mainly.

Plot of land is chosen and  cleared by felling trees  and burning them

Fields are irrigated with water  running through a bamboo  canal from the nearby spring

After the soil loses its fertility,  the plot is abandoned and   the next plot is chosen.

NOMADIC HERDING. a) Practised in the semi-arid and arid regions of Sahara, Central Asia and some parts of India – Rajasthan, Kashmir. 

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a) Practised in the semi-arid and arid regions of Sahara, Central Asia and some parts of India – Rajasthan, Kashmir

Herdsmen move from one place to another with the animals for fodder and water

The movement is along defined routes and in response to climatic  constraints and terrain

MAP SHOWING AREAS OF NOMADIC HERDING WORLDWIDE

COMMERCIAL FARMING. Crops are grown and animals are reared for sale in market. 

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Crops are grown and animals are reared for sale in market

Area and amount of Capital is huge, most of the work is done by machines

COMMERCIAL GRAIN FARMING/ EXTENSIVE FARMING. Crops are grown for commercial purpose. 

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COMMERCIAL GRAIN  FARMING/ EXTENSIVE FARMING

Mainly grown in temperate grasslands of  N. America, Europe and Asia, Australia and S. America.

MAP SHOWING AREAS OF COMMERCIAL GRAIN  FARMING WORLDWIDE

MIXED FARMING. Land is used for growing food and fodder crops and rearing livestock.. 

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Land is used for growing food and fodder crops and rearing livestock.

It is practised in Europe, eastern USA Argentina, southeast Australia, and South Africa.

MAP SHOWING AREAS OF MIXED FARMING WORLDWIDE

MAP SHOWING AREAS OF PLANTATION AGRICULTURE WORLDWIDE. 

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Single crop of tea, coffee, sugarcane, jute and cotton are grown over a large area

Large amount of labour (migrant)  and capital are invested.

Produce is used as raw material in respective industries

Well developed network and connectivity is thus essential.

MAP SHOWING AREAS OF PLANTATION AGRICULTURE  WORLDWIDE

DAIRY FARMING. MAP SHOWING AREAS OF DAIRY FARMING WORLDWIDE. 

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The rearing of cattle on a large scale on the outskirts of cities to meet the demand for milk and animal products is called dairy farming.

Scientific methods of farming are employed and heavy capital investments are employed.

Dairy farming is mainly practised in Australia, New Zealand, Denmark and the Netherlands in Europe and North America.

In India, a white revolution was started with the setting up of cooperative societies  for dairy farmers.

It started with Amul in Gujarat and soon spread to the other states of India.

MAP SHOWING AREAS OF DAIRY FARMING WORLDWIDE

What is White Revolution? - History for Kids | Mocomi

AGRICULTURE

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